This work aims to present the results of a study that sought to conduct a Didactic Sequence
methodologically grounded in Project-Based Learning, using some practical-experimental
tools, to investigate the propagation of electromagnetic waves with an emphasis on X-rays. This
process allows for adaptations to in-person, hybrid, or remote teaching models. The study of
electromagnetic waves is conventionally taught in high school, with an emphasis on the visible
light spectrum. In contrast, our proposal presents a problem-based situation, focused on X-rays
and their application in radiology, aiming to stimulate students to embark on an investigative
journey with the purpose of proposing a solution to the presented situation. To assist and
complement the theoretical research, practical-experimental tools are chosen, including
remotely controlled experimental setups, a three-dimensional Android simulator, and a virtual
reality simulator, which are developed throughout this work and methodologically structured
and integrated into the phases of Project-Based Learning (PBL), adapted into introduction,
initial research, artifact construction, second research phase, presentation, and publication. The
results pertaining to these artifacts demonstrate that they are statistically valid for the collection
of reliable experimental data and compatible with a wide range of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs) synchronously or asynchronously, with the potential to
complement each other or even expand the possibilities of implementing at least one of them
in different classroom contexts. Simultaneously, the results of implementing the Educational
Product provide evidence, through quantitative and qualitative studies, of the effectiveness of
the proposal in two 3rd-year high school Physics classes, as well as discussions about its
limitations and benefits. As a result of this work, it was possible to materialize and make
available to society the Educational Product titled "Navigating Electromagnetic Waves: A
Project-Based Learning Didactic Sequence for the Study of X-ray Propagation," which is
versatile in terms of implementation, both in terms of content and the format of in-person or
remote classes.
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