Phosphorus determination can be performed using different techniques such as molecular
absorption spectrophotometry, ion chromatography, phosphorescence, atomic emission
spectrometry, among others. The present work aims to propose a narrative review on the
determination of Phosphorus content in surface waters by the UV-Vis spectrophotometry
method. Among the works reviewed, phosphate concentrations in water samples using the
spectrophotometric detection technique reached the linear range of (0.1-1.0 mg P L-1
) without
needing an automation strategy. In automated continuous flow phosphate analysis, the linear
range (0.002-0.062 mg P L-1
) was obtained as a detection limit (0.002 mg P L-1
). Using the
colorimetric technique, the mean value of phosphate was 5.7±0.2 mg P L-1
, taking into
account the eutrophication level of the pond; they concluded that phosphorus was the factor
that did not agree with the resolution of CONAMA. Also, a phosphate content of 0.096 (mg P
L
-1
) was found. This value is within the limits of CONAMA legislation, this concentration is
suitable for consumption. Therefore, surface water pollution by urban, agricultural and
industrial activities stands out, capable of jeopardizing water quality and human health. It is
also described that the excess of nutrients such as N and P in the water, favors the
development of decomposing microorganisms that quickly consume the oxygen dissolved in
the water, resulting in the death of aerobic beings by asphyxia. It is concluded that the
analytical techniques reviewed in the determination of phosphate in water can contribute to
the control of aquatic environments degraded by eutrophic events.
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