The present study seeks to investigate the Active Methodologies applied to Science Teaching,
in the contexto of the initial grades of Elementary School. The debate is articulated with the
following problematization: how does the learning process in Science occur in the initial
grades of Elementary School and what is the contribution of Active Methodologies to favor
this learning? Based on this, the presente work aimed to carry out a bibliographical survey on
the Active Methodologies of Science Teaching and its implication in the initial grades of
Elementary School. Therefore, to meet the following specific objectives: a) To analyze the
historical trajectory of Science teaching in Brazil; b) Systematize and understand the process
of Active Methodologies applied in Science in the context of the initial grades of Elementary
Education. The study demonstrated in its historical analysis that political and social aspects
influenced the didactic conceptions of Science Teaching. In this contexto, the teaching of
Science constitutes a privileged space in which the diferente explanations about the world, the
phenomena of nature and the transformation produced by man can be exposed and compared.
Therefore, this knowledge needs to be socially constructed and historically accumulated, in
addition to a close relationship whit social and technological issues.
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