Haff's disease can be triggered by the consumption of contaminated fish whose cause is not yet completely understood. One of the possible causes is contamination by a heat-stable toxin that has not yet been identified. This toxin can generate manifestations in the body that can range from mild symptoms to a rhabdomyolysis. From this perspective, the objective of this review is to analyze the prevalence of Haff disease in Brazilian territory. The following platforms were used: PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar as a search base for researching scientific literature published between the years 2018 and 2023. Data from the epidemiological bulletin nº 9/volume 54, from the Ministry of Health, were also used. The review addresses the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and hypotheses regarding the etiology of the disease. The study found a significant increase in the number of cases of Haff disease in Brazil in 2021 and 2022, with an expansion of compatible cases in almost all regions of Brazil. The majority of cases occurred on the coast of the Northeast and around regions of the Amazon River Basin. Considering the risk to public health that Haff's disease represents and due to the scarcity of studies in Brazilian territory, the need for new studies is highlighted in order to monitor and verify the evolution of Haff's disease within the scope of Brazilian public health.
Keywords: Haff disease; rhabdomyolysis; epidemiology; black urine
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