This article aims to explore the role of school in the formation of the individual in the light of the Marxist theoretical framework. To achieve this goal, a comparative and qualitative approach is adopted, focusing on the works of Marxist authors Ponce (2010) and Enguita (1989). Through the analysis of these works, the aim is to understand how these authors approach the historical relationship between school and the critical formation of the individual. The theoretical framework for the analysis is the Marxist conception of history, especially as interpreted by M.P.L.A (1995), Daniel Júnior (2017), Ohlweiler (1985), and Renault (2010). It does not aim to be an in-depth and exhaustive study, but rather a preliminary approach, aiming to identify some of the most relevant aspects for the debate on critical and emancipatory education in contemporary capitalist societies.
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