Dissertação

Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia

Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) is widely distributed in Amazon rivers. Several studies point out to large differences between specimens from different drainages, suggesting the existence of a complex of similar species. This work aimed to analyze specimens identified as P. blochii thr...

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Autor principal: Rocha, Marcelo Sales
Grau: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Publicado em: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA 2020
Assuntos:
Siluriformes
Pimelodus
DNA mitocondrial
Filogeografia
Acesso em linha: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11223
id oai:repositorio:1-11223
recordtype dspace
spelling oai:repositorio:1-11223 Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia Rocha, Marcelo Sales Daniel, Lúcia Helena Rapp Py Siluriformes Pimelodus DNA mitocondrial Filogeografia Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) is widely distributed in Amazon rivers. Several studies point out to large differences between specimens from different drainages, suggesting the existence of a complex of similar species. This work aimed to analyze specimens identified as P. blochii through morphological and molecular approaches. 157 specimens were used in the morphological analyses. These specimens were collected in the Purus, Madeira, Aripuanã, Negro, Branco, Solimões-Amazonas, Japurá, Araguaia, Apure, Urubamba and Marañon rivers, and specimens of Pimelodus blochii from the Corantijin River (Surinam) were treated as topotypes. The morphological analyses produced six new species of Pimelodus, and showed that the Brazilian specimens identified as P. blochii are morphologically different from the specimens from Surinam. Pimelodus sp. n. A is the most widely distributed, occurring in varzea areas in the Purus, Madeira, Japurá, Urubamba, Marañon and Solimões-Amazonas rivers. This species is described by a uniform coloration, caudal fin strongly forked, with pointed and thin lobes. Pimelodus sp. n. B from rio Branco was found in the middle course of the rio Negro and in the lower parts of rio Branco. This species is described by having large eyes, color pattern with a horizontal stripe above lateral line and snout short and turned ventrally. Pimelodus sp. n. C was recorded from the rio Apure, Venezuela, and can be characterized by having short eyes, and head and body short and broad. Pimelodus sp. n. D was recorded only from rio Aripuanã and can be characterized by the presence of small dots along the body. Pimelodus sp. n. E occurs in the lake Jenipapo, rio Aripuanã, and can be characterized by having numerous gill-rakers. Pimelodus sp. n. F occurs in rio Araguaia and can be characterized by having numerous gill-rakers and caudal fin with a dark band on the lobes. Based on the morphological results, Pimelodus blochii probably does not occur in the Brazilian Amazon and is restricted to Surinam. In the molecular analysis, a phylogenetic treatment was conducted to verify the monophyly of the blochii-complex when confronted with specimens of the Pimelodus albofasciatus-complex. The stricto consensus and the majority-rule cladograms obtained through parsimony produced six clades. According to the obtained phylogenies, neither the blochii nor the albofasciatus- complex are monophyletic. The albofasciatus-complex was represented by three clades and the blochii-complex by three clades. The three blochii-complex clades are specimens analyzed in chapter 1 and classified as Pimelodus sp. n. A , Pimelodus sp. n. D and Pimelodus sp. n. E . Thus, the recognition of these clades under the molecular-cladistic treatment gave support to the morphological results. Pimelodus sp. n. E , more basal, occurs in the ancient Brazilian Shield. Pimelodus sp. n. A more derived, is found in more recent areas, as Madeira and Solimões drainage. As this hypothesis of relationship is the first to involve these Brazilian Amazon taxa, it is necessary to conduct further analyses to include more representatives from other drainages. A espécie Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) possui ampla distribuição pelos rios amazônicos, e diversos trabalhos apontam para a existência de diferenças morfológicas entre exemplares de diferentes bacias, sugerindo um complexo de espécies. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os exemplares identificados como Pimelodus blochii de distribuição amazônica através de análises morfológica e molecular. Na análise morfológica foram utilizados 157 exemplares provenientes dos rios Purus, Madeira, Aripuanã, Urubamba, Marañón, Solimões-Amazonas, Negro, Branco, Araguaia, Apure, Japurá, e exemplares de P. blochii do rio Courantjin (Suriname), tratados como topótipos. Foram evidenciadas seis novas espécies de Pimelodus, mostrando que os exemplares brasileiros identificados como P. blochii são morfologicamente diferentes de P. blochii do Suriname. Pimelodus sp. n. A apresentou a maior distribuição geográfica, sendo uma espécie abundante nas várzeas dos rios Purus, Madeira, Japurá, Urubamba, Marañón e Solimões-Amazonas. Essa espécie caracteriza-se pelo padrão de coloração castanho uniforme, nadadeira caudal muito bifurcada com os lobos finos e pontiagudos. Pimelodus sp. n. B do rio Branco é restrita ao curso médio do rio Negro e à porção baixa do rio Branco e caracteriza-se pelo olho grande, padrão de colorido com uma faixa clara horizontal acima da linha lateral e focinho curto voltado ventralmente. Pimelodus sp. n. C foi registrado apenas no rio Apure, Venezuela, podendo ser caracterizado pelo reduzido tamanho dos olhos, cabeça pequena, corpo curto e largo. Pimelodus sp. n. D foi registrado somente no rio Aripuanã e caracteriza-se pelo corpo apresentando pequenas pintas. Pimelodus sp. n. E pode ser encontrada no lago Jenipapo, rio Aripuanã e é caracterizado pelo alto número de rastros branquiais (28). Pimelodus sp. n. F é registrada para o rio Araguaia, podendo ser caracterizada pelo alto número de rastros branquiais (25-28) e nadadeira caudal apresentando uma faixa escura nos lobos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos na análise morfológica, P. blochii sensu stricto provavelmente não ocorre na Amazônia brasileira, estando restrita às drenagens do Suriname. Foi realizada uma análise filogenética com o objetivo de verificar o monofiletismo do complexo P. blochii, utilizando também exemplares do complexo P. albofasciatus. As árvores de consenso estrito e de maioria obtidas pelo método de Parcimônia evidenciaram a presença de 6 clados. Segundo a filogenia obtida, os complexos P. blochii e P. albofasciatus não são monofiléticos. O então chamado complexo P. albofasciatus ficou representado por três clados, enquanto o complexo P. blochii por outros três. Os três clados formados pertencentes ao complexo P. blochii foram representados por Pimelodus sp. n. A , Pimelodus sp. n. D e Pimelodus sp. n. E , corroborando assim os resultados morfológicos. A espécie Pimelodus sp. n. E , mais basal, mostrou uma distribuição em terrenos mais antigos, no escudo brasileiro. Pimelodus sp. n. A , a espécie mais derivada, teve sua distribuição na bacia sedimentar, como o Solimões e Madeira. Essa hipótese de relacionamento, por ser a primeira a usar tais táxons para a Amazônia, necessita maiores análises, incluindo maior número de exemplares e de diferentes localidades. 2020-02-13T18:21:44Z 2020-02-13T18:21:44Z 2006-06-01 Dissertação https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11223 por Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Biologia de Água Doce e Pesca Interior - BADPI
institution Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional
collection INPA-RI
language por
topic Siluriformes
Pimelodus
DNA mitocondrial
Filogeografia
spellingShingle Siluriformes
Pimelodus
DNA mitocondrial
Filogeografia
Rocha, Marcelo Sales
Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia
topic_facet Siluriformes
Pimelodus
DNA mitocondrial
Filogeografia
description Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) is widely distributed in Amazon rivers. Several studies point out to large differences between specimens from different drainages, suggesting the existence of a complex of similar species. This work aimed to analyze specimens identified as P. blochii through morphological and molecular approaches. 157 specimens were used in the morphological analyses. These specimens were collected in the Purus, Madeira, Aripuanã, Negro, Branco, Solimões-Amazonas, Japurá, Araguaia, Apure, Urubamba and Marañon rivers, and specimens of Pimelodus blochii from the Corantijin River (Surinam) were treated as topotypes. The morphological analyses produced six new species of Pimelodus, and showed that the Brazilian specimens identified as P. blochii are morphologically different from the specimens from Surinam. Pimelodus sp. n. A is the most widely distributed, occurring in varzea areas in the Purus, Madeira, Japurá, Urubamba, Marañon and Solimões-Amazonas rivers. This species is described by a uniform coloration, caudal fin strongly forked, with pointed and thin lobes. Pimelodus sp. n. B from rio Branco was found in the middle course of the rio Negro and in the lower parts of rio Branco. This species is described by having large eyes, color pattern with a horizontal stripe above lateral line and snout short and turned ventrally. Pimelodus sp. n. C was recorded from the rio Apure, Venezuela, and can be characterized by having short eyes, and head and body short and broad. Pimelodus sp. n. D was recorded only from rio Aripuanã and can be characterized by the presence of small dots along the body. Pimelodus sp. n. E occurs in the lake Jenipapo, rio Aripuanã, and can be characterized by having numerous gill-rakers. Pimelodus sp. n. F occurs in rio Araguaia and can be characterized by having numerous gill-rakers and caudal fin with a dark band on the lobes. Based on the morphological results, Pimelodus blochii probably does not occur in the Brazilian Amazon and is restricted to Surinam. In the molecular analysis, a phylogenetic treatment was conducted to verify the monophyly of the blochii-complex when confronted with specimens of the Pimelodus albofasciatus-complex. The stricto consensus and the majority-rule cladograms obtained through parsimony produced six clades. According to the obtained phylogenies, neither the blochii nor the albofasciatus- complex are monophyletic. The albofasciatus-complex was represented by three clades and the blochii-complex by three clades. The three blochii-complex clades are specimens analyzed in chapter 1 and classified as Pimelodus sp. n. A , Pimelodus sp. n. D and Pimelodus sp. n. E . Thus, the recognition of these clades under the molecular-cladistic treatment gave support to the morphological results. Pimelodus sp. n. E , more basal, occurs in the ancient Brazilian Shield. Pimelodus sp. n. A more derived, is found in more recent areas, as Madeira and Solimões drainage. As this hypothesis of relationship is the first to involve these Brazilian Amazon taxa, it is necessary to conduct further analyses to include more representatives from other drainages.
author_additional Daniel, Lúcia Helena Rapp Py
author_additionalStr Daniel, Lúcia Helena Rapp Py
format Dissertação
author Rocha, Marcelo Sales
title Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia
title_short Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia
title_full Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia
title_fullStr Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia
title_full_unstemmed Sistemática e Filogeografia de Pimelodus blochii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) da Amazônia
title_sort sistemática e filogeografia de pimelodus blochii (siluriformes: pimelodidae) da amazônia
publisher Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
publishDate 2020
url https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11223
_version_ 1787145396832698368
score 11.653393

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