Peixe-boi trichechus manatus manatus na orinoquía colombiana: status de conservação e uso de hábitat na época seca
The Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus is lísted as vulnerable In the lUCN Red Data Book and legally protected throughout its range, but current infomriation on ecology issues and conservation status Is scarce. A remnant manatee population exists In the Orínoco RIver more than 1100 km f...
| Autor principal: | Casteiblanco-Martínez, Delma Nataly |
|---|---|
| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
|
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11397 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3130954299998214 |
| Resumo: |
|---|
|
The Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus is lísted as vulnerable In the lUCN Red Data
Book and legally protected throughout its range, but current infomriation on ecology issues and
conservation status Is scarce. A remnant manatee population exists In the Orínoco RIver more than
1100 km from the Caríbbean coastilne. In 2001, 2002 and 2003, Intervíews and direct observatlons
were conducted near the town of Puerto Carreho (Colombia) to assess the conservation status and
habitat use of Antillean manatees duríng the dry season (January to Apiil). A total of 70 In-depth
Intervíews were carríed out during field tnps. Risks to the specles were malnly due to poaching and
Inoldental trapping In fishing nets. Cases of manatee deaths caused by colllslons with watercraft,
vandallsm and stranding were aiso reported. Both Incldental catches and hunting are probably related
to season, and vary according to fishing activities and manatee migrations. According to the
fishermen, a significant proportlon of net captures occuned duríng rísing waters, when nets were
placed on mlgratlon routes used by both manatees and fish, whereas hunting occurs malnly duríng the
high water levei. Manatee occurrence, gatheied from fixed points on the ground and boat surveys,
was noted to estimate the use of habitat of the manatees. This part of the sludy was conducted In the
Orínoco RIver from Puerto Carreflo (Colombia) to "Calman" Island Isetween January and May 2003
(dry season). índices of relative occurrence were expressed In terms of sightings per unit of time
(N®av/h) and maxímum number of simultaneous sightíngs (NMAS). Physical varíables, and boat and
fishing acllvitles In the area, were aIso monitored. Seventy-three manatees were sighted, the majoríty
of them (71.23%) by the boat suivey method. The relative occurrence of manatees was significantiy
different t)etween different water depths and speeds, suggestíng habitat preferences. Further
ecological data are needed, and studies of the effect of fishing on manatees are required. A broad
program for the conservation of the Orínoco manatee should be developed, Indudlng habitat
protection, law enforcement and intensive educatíonal campatgns. |