Comportamento social de antas (tapirus terrestris): relações de parentesco em uma paisagem fragmentada
Social behavior in Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris): Kinship distribution in a fragmented landscape The lowland tapir’s mean home range is 2.6 Km2 in the Amazon with a high degree of overlap between individuals, a characteristic of a non-territorial species. In contrast to this observation, th...
| Autor principal: | Pinho, Gabriela Medeiros de |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11921 http://lattes.cnpq.br/8318050728497028 |
| Resumo: |
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Social behavior in Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris): Kinship distribution in a fragmented
landscape
The lowland tapir’s mean home range is 2.6 Km2 in the Amazon with a high degree of
overlap between individuals, a characteristic of a non-territorial species. In contrast to this
observation, there is evidence that individuals regularly walk along the borders of their ranges
suggesting some form of territoriality. Furthermore, at least in one reintroduction of Tapirus
bairdii, resident tapirs were recorded attacking the reintroduced individuals, again suggesting
territoriality. In order to explore this apparent contradiction and gain further insight into what
drives tapir spacing behavior, we hypothesized that tapirs will tolerate individuals from
adjacent and overlapping home ranges if they are closely related. To test this hypothesis we
compared the proportion of kin relationships at individual scale (<3km) with the same
proportion at landscape scale (using all the data set). In total, we sampled 63 fecal samples, of
which 24 were successfully genotyped at five microsatellite loci (from 14 tested). The five
loci were suitably informative in terms of individual identification: the probability of identity
and the power of exclusion were 6.32x10-6 and 0.98, respectively. At the population scale,
both AMOVA and STRUCTURE suggest that the samples were taken from a single
panmictic population. At the individual level, analysis using COLONY across 22 individuals
identified two full-sib pairs and 36 half-sib pairs, but no parent-offspring pairs, and suggests
that the most likely mating system for tapirs is polygamy. The distribution of distances
between half-sibs ranged from 0.22 to 19.3km (mean±sd; 10.6 ±5.14km) and was not
statistically different from the distribution of unrelated individuals (Mann-Whitney U=1; p >
0.05). The proportion of kin relationships at the two scales was not different (G:0.11, 1 d.f.,
p>0.05). Thus, we did not find support for our hypothesis, suggesting that tapirs do not form
social groups based on kinship and individuals up to a level of kinship of half-sibs were
similarly distributed in the landscape as unrelated individuals. This result indicates that
offspring or parents are dispersing. |