As adaptações dos índios tukano e maku-hup'du no rio Tiquié: nichos ecológicos distintos ou competição por recursos?
The Tiquié and Vaupés Rivers, flowing from Colombia into Brazil in the sparsely populated "Alto Rio Negro" Indian Reservation, have for centuries provided the indigenous peoples of the area with adequate protein sources in an otherwise nutrient-poor ecosystem (Moran 1991; Milton 1984; Jackson 198...
| Autor principal: | Wright III, Harold Martin |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/11934 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9277906833036335 |
| Resumo: |
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The Tiquié and Vaupés Rivers, flowing from Colombia into Brazil in the sparsely populated
"Alto Rio Negro" Indian Reservation, have for centuries provided the indigenous peoples of the
area with adequate protein sources in an otherwise nutrient-poor ecosystem (Moran 1991; Milton
1984; Jackson 1983; Gross 1975). As such, the river-dwelling Tukano peoples and the seminomadic
forest-dwelling Maku-hup’du have developed a complex social and commercial system
that has helped to sustain these essential protein sources, based on a hierarchical structure
described as anything from "slavery" (Koch-Grünberg, 2005) to "patron -- client" (Chernela,
1993; Epps, 2005) to servants and workers (Gentil, 2005). Recent efforts by Catholic
missionaries and government agencies have been encouraging permanent settlement of the Makuhup’du
within the region (Milton, 1984). The intent of this study was to determine the adaptations
of the increasingly-sedentary Maku-hup’du populations and the permanent Tukano populations in
the region, to know if they live in distinct ecological niches or are competing for resources within
the ecosystem. Surveys on quantities, sizes, and varieties of food sources harvested by Tukano
and Maku-hup’du indians, as well as the time spent in obtaining food, were conducted in the
Desâna villages of Cucura stream, and the adjacent Maku-hup’du settlements. The data were then
analyzed to determine the niche width of the respective peoples. This study documents a major
subsistence pattern change among two of the three Maku-hupdu settlements away from the
traditional hunting pattern towards a pattern of fishing and manioc horticulture that is virtually
indistinguishable from that practiced by their Tukanoan neighbors. The study highlights an
important decline in daily protein intake among all study communities when compared with
historical data gathered by Milton (1984). Quantification of niche width strongly suggests that
the noted decline in protein resources is associated with an increasing overlap of subsistence
niche (a result of the noted acculturation) between the Maku and the Tukanoans in this nutrientpoor
ecosystem. Finally, this study examines the theoretical and practical implications of cultural
change and ecological adaptation (or maladaptation) in this important indigenous reserve in
Brazil, representing some 10% of Brazil’s overall indigenous population and cultural-linguistic
diversity. |