Padrões biogeográficos, funcionais e evolutivos sob o controle de filtros geoquímicos e climáticos na Amazônia
The goal of this study was to reveal the importance of edaphic-geochemical filters and of climate conditions to understand the biogeographic, functional and evolutionary patterns of the Amazonian biodiversity in a scenario of climate change. In the first chapter we used species distribution models...
| Autor principal: | Figueiredo, Fernando Oliveira Gouvêa de |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12264 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3292620216569315 |
| Resumo: |
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The goal of this study was to reveal the importance of edaphic-geochemical filters and of climate
conditions to understand the biogeographic, functional and evolutionary patterns of the Amazonian
biodiversity in a scenario of climate change. In the first chapter we used species distribution models
to compare the relative importance of soil and climate data to predict species ranges of Amazonian
plants. Climate has generally been recognized as the main driver of species distribution at large scales.
However, we found that soil attributes were the main predictors of large-scale species distribution. The
strong control of species ranges by edaphic features might reduce species’ abilities to track suitable
conditions under climate change. In the second chapter, we used an assemblage of understory
herbaceous plants (Zingiberales) to predict convergent and divergent functional trait response (specific
leaf area, height and seed size) at community level along soil, hydro-topographic and climate
gradients. Overall, the functional composition of communities tended to converge following the
expectation of classical theory of plant strategy based on fast-slow grow trade-off: highly productive
habitats (rich nutrient soil and bottomlands) selected functional traits indicating fast growth strategies.
However, the functional composition of communities diverged widely along the broader climatic
gradient, being impossible to predict which functional traits prevail in dry regions. These results
suggest that functioning of Amazonian forests is tightly linked with geochemical conditions, but many
uncertainties remain regarding how climate change will affect the functioning of tropical forests. In
the third chapter, we tested an evolutionary model based on intrinsic clade functional strategy, nichebased relationships and past geochemical transformations of Amazonian landscapes driven by Andean
uplift. Clades with fast growth strategy had higher diversification rates, higher species richness, arose
more recently, were more associated with highly productive habitats, and their origin and
diversification dynamics were associated with main geological events of the Miocene. Clades with
slow growth strategies had the opposite patterns. These results reveal that, to understand the
evolutionary history of Amazonian biodiversity, it is essential to take account of niche and functional
aspects of species/clades and past geochemical transformations of landscapes driven by paleogeological events. . In summary, we clearly demonstrate in this thesis that biogeographic, functional
and evolutionary patterns in Amazonia are strongly controled by edaphic-geochemical filters.
Overlooking the role of theses filters in models of climate change effects on tropical biodiversity may
lead to unsatisfactory predictions. Understanding where, how and when these filters act is also
essential for designing conservations strategies for an Amazonia under constant change. |