Multiplicações, em condições experimentais, caracterização físico- química e nutricional do mel, produtividade de mel e pólen e indução da produção in vitro de rainhas de Scaptotrigona xanthotricha Moure, 1950 (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE : MELIPONINA) na Amazônia
The Amazon represents a great biome with a fauna and flora diversity and abundance still scientifically unknown. To contribute with information about the regional Meliponini, efforts for the acquisition of the stingless bee or small jandaíra (Scaptotrigona xanthotricha Moure, 1950) were invested...
| Autor principal: | Costa, Klilton Barbosa da |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12306 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3187854986671162 |
| Resumo: |
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The Amazon represents a great biome with a fauna and flora diversity and
abundance still scientifically unknown. To contribute with information about the
regional Meliponini, efforts for the acquisition of the stingless bee or small jandaíra
(Scaptotrigona xanthotricha Moure, 1950) were invested to attend four aims: 1- to
test a model of a standard-box, with less volume, for the bee-keeping of the species
and to compare it with the performance of INPA’s standard-box, this being the most
used standard-box for a great number of Brazilian Meliponini; 2- to physic chemically
characterize the species’ honey under the Amazonian conditions; 3- to evaluate the
honey’s and pollen’s productivity; 4- to test the possibility of in vitro formation of S.
xanthotricha’s queen bees with overfeeding of its larvae. The project was carried out
at the Bee Research Group (GPA/INPA), from the species’ 10 colonies bee kept in
rustic boxes, acquired in the city of Belterra/PA, once there were not enough swarms
according to the previous established criteria for the accomplishment of the project.
When they got to the Amazon, they were adequately managed for its acclimation
and, after 30 days installed, they were transferred to the standard-boxes with
different volumes. Attending to the 1 st aim, after the successive multiplication, which
happened from October/06 to July/07, it was obtained 52 daughter colonies, from
these being, 27 for the CANUDO bee standard-box model and 25 for the INPA
standard-box model. The volume of the stingless bee standard-box contributed to a
rapid occupation of the space, and, thus a great number of colonies could be
multiplied in less time, however, when statistics was applied to the confidence
intervals (95%) for the average of the colonies’ performance, they did not show any
statistic difference. Attending to the 2 nd aim, for the honey’s physical-chemical and
nutritional characterization, honey was collected in November and December/07 and
January/08 and the analysis was carried out in the laboratories of the Federal
University (UFAM), using the specific procedures for each one of the seven
established parameters. Amongst these, only the pH (3,55%) and ashes (0,36%)
showed average values that were adequate for consumption. Information like this
contributes for the acknowledgement of the diversity of honey that can be found in
Brazil, helping a proposition of honey standardizing in this group of bees.
Allied to the physical-chemical and nutritional characteristic, there was also the
verification of the capacity of the species’ honey and pollen production, in Manaus. Attending to the 3 rd aim, the collecting for the honey and pollens’ productivity
quantification were carried out in September/08 and December/08. After the
quantification, there was the replacement of the 25% most productive physogastric
queen bees for the least productive. Concomitantly, the intermediate colonies were
also monitored. It was obtained for the 1 st collecting period 2.189,5 L (before the
replacement) and for the 2nd collecting period 1.449 L (after the replacement). There
was not pollen storage during the project’s development. In the end, the 25% most
productive colonies remained as the most productive ones whilst the least productive
remained as the least productive, but only one turned into an intermediate one, even
though there was no gain in production, as well as the other less productive. The
period of the year in which the collection occurred could have influenced in the little
production of the colonies. Attending to the 4 th aim, the necessity of finding
Meliponicultors that had some species’ swarms available was the first difficulty for the
development of the Thesis. For that, the thought of making some swarms from the
induction of the formation of in vitro queen bees with the overfeeding of larvae
available was considered. From new bee hatches were collected larvae food and the
daily posture, they were then taken to the laboratory for the filling procedure of 192
wells of the ELISA PLATE with 90 μl of homogenized larvae food and the plates were
taken to the heater, with controlled temperature and humidity. After 52 days of
incubation, 21 virgin S. xanthotricha’s queen bees emerged, 11% of the sample. It is
possible to form queens artificially, since measures for the adjustment of the
methodology are taken to reduce the contamination observed along the project. |