Biodeterioração da madeira de cardeiro (Scleronema micranthum (Ducke) Ducke, bombacaceae), com ênfase em besouros e cupins e sua influência na densidade básica e na resistência à compressão paralela às fibras
In this work data are presented regarding the beetles and termites (Insecta: Coleoptera and Isoptera, respectively) collected from five trees of Scleronema micranthum (Ducke) Ducke (cardeiro), Bombacaceae, taken from Amazonian forest species, at the Experimental Station ZF-2, of the National Inst...
| Autor principal: | Abreu, Raimunda Liége Souza de |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12315 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1980789059908737 |
| Resumo: |
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In this work data are presented regarding the beetles and termites (Insecta: Coleoptera
and Isoptera, respectively) collected from five trees of Scleronema micranthum (Ducke)
Ducke (cardeiro), Bombacaceae, taken from Amazonian forest species, at the Experimental
Station ZF-2, of the National Institute for Amazon Research. The trunks of the trees were
divided in three segments: base, middle and apex, and from each section 12 samples (disks)
were cut with 30 cm in length, totalling 180 samples. The samples were laid on the ground of
the area where the threes were cut to be submitted to biodeterioration, for a period of 24
months. Every two months, 15 disks were removed from the forest and taken to the
Laboratory of Wood Entomology of INPA for collection and selection of the beetles and
termites as well as preparation of the samples for density and parallel compression to the
fibers tests. The analyses of the data on beetles indicated the presence of 4,929 specimens
which were found in all trees, with high occurrence in two of them. For the beetles, the family
Curculionidae represented 81.3%, (4,007 individuals), followed by Cerambycidae with 10.3%
(505 individuals), Passalidae with 3.8% (186 individuals), Carabidae with 3.4% (166
individuals) and Cucujidae with 1.3% (62 individuals). From all of the collected species of the
Curculionidae family the Scolytinae subfamily had the most specimens, with 3,633
individuals, representing 73.8%. From this subfamily the species Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff
stood out for its high occurrence, with 1,044 individuals (26.09%), Xyleborus sp.1 with 1,034
(25.84%), Xyleborus ferrugineus Fabricius with 595 (14.87%), Xyleborus sp.2 with 576
(14.39%), Xyleborus sp.9 with 94 (2.35%) and Xyleborus sp.6 with 87 (2.17%). For
Platypodinae subfamily, two genera were registered: Tesserocerus and Platypus. Regarding
the studied positions (segments) on the tree trunks, more beetles were found in the base and in
the middle, with 1,866 and 1,814 individuals, respectively. In relation to the termites, 21,751
specimens were collected, distributed in two families, 16 genera and 18 species. From these,
15 belong to the Termitidae family and 3 to the Rhinotermitidae family. The most important
species were: Heterotermes tenuis Hagen, representing 87.6% (12,822 individuals);
Nasutitermes similis Emerson, 34.1% (2,429 individuals); Cylindrotermes parvignathus
Emerson, 23.6% (1,681 individuals); Rhinotermes marginalis L., 10.9% (1,595 individuals);
Araujotermes parvellus (Silvestri), 7.7% (550 individuals); Anoplotermes sp.1, 6.3% (448
individuals); Spinitermes nigrostomus Holmgren, 5.3% (377 individuals); Subulitermes
baeileyi (Emerson), 3.9% (278 individuals); Nasutitermes surinamensis (Holmgren), 3.5%
(251 individuals); Cornitermes weberi Emerson, 13.4% (246 individuals); Neocapritermes
angusticeps (Emerson), 3.4% (231 individuals) and Cyrilliotermes angulariceps (Mathews),
2.9% (212 individuals). Heterotermes tenuis was found in all of the trees, being predominant
in all collections and it was the first insect to infest the samples, followed for R. marginalis,
C. weberi, N. angusticeps and Planicapritermes planiceps (Emerson). The part of the trunk
most infested by the termites was the middle, followed by the apex part with 10,192 and 6,224
individuals, respectively. The analysis of variance didn't detect significant differences among
the species found in the studied parts of the trunk, so much for the beetles as for the termites.
The result of the descriptive analysis, the analysis of variance and the regression analysis of
the density and of the resistance to the parallel compression to the fibers, indicate that the time
of exposure of the samples on the field influenced these parameters. After 24 months it was
observed that the percentile reduction of the density was smaller than the one of the resistance
to the parallel compression to the fibers. The reduction of the density within the same
positions of the trunk varied from 21.9% to 29.9% and of the resistance varied from 40.37%
to 62.04%. In the comparison between positions, as much of the sound samples as of those
deteriorated, little variation was observed in the values of these variables. |