Avaliação do esforço amostral, captura de padrões ecológicos e utilização de taxa substitutos em formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) de serrapilheira com três métodos de coleta na Floresta Amazônica, Brasil
Effective environmental monitoring methods are needed to protect natural resources. However, due to limited financial resources for biodiversity studies, as much information should be obtained at lower costs. Identifying and adopting cost effective sampling protocols is especially important for larg...
| Autor principal: | Souza, Jorge Luiz Pereira de |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12328 http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4753197Z4 |
| Resumo: |
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Effective environmental monitoring methods are needed to protect natural resources. However, due to limited financial resources for biodiversity studies, as much information should be obtained at lower costs. Identifying and adopting cost effective sampling protocols is especially important for large, long-term programs. In mega groups like ants, with many undescribed species, the diminishment of sub-samples (rarefaction) and species surrogate has be used as shortcuts to describe patterns at the community level. In three areas of 25 km2 of Amazonian reserves, we investigate how these systems can be studied using the species and genera of ants to evaluate the effects of sub-sample rarefaction. We also tested if these systems can be studied at the community level using the genera of ants as a surrogate of species. With this, we aimed to evaluate the financial costs reduction, investigate the consequences in the ecological information loss, and to collaborate to the establishment of a standardized protocol of ants inventories. Three reserves were inventoried: Maraca Ecological Station (rain forest and seasonal), Viruá National Park (mosaic of rainforests, swamps, meadows and campinaranas), and Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (tropical rainforest). Using sardine baits, pitfall traps and Winkler extractors, 300 sub-samples of each method were collected in 30 plots of 250 m on each reserve. We identified 342 species/morphospecies, 60 genera, and 11 subfamilies. For the first time at this spatial scale it is shown that the methods were complementary, and showed distinct communities of species and genera in each area, reflecting the influence of environment on the ants distribution. The reduction of effort was assessed by rarefaction, and there was strong correlation between the communities of species and genera of ants from 10 (maximum effort used) and 6 sub-samples per plot, indicating that even with the reduced effort, the ecological patterns of the community would continue to be well represented. The answers obtained for species and genera were informative enough to detect ecological patterns. The use of a reduced number of methods together with rarefaction greatly reduced time and costs of the project. Therefore, depending of the area being investigated, the use of genera can result in ecological information loss for the environmental variables with lower magnitude. This precedent indicates that this potential can be applied in other environments similar to those that were inventoried. |