Posição filogenética de Lutzomyia derelicta Freitas & Barrett, 1999 (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)
The classification of the subfamily Phlebotominae has been going through several changes since the early twentieth century, and even with several studies employing old and new tools, including molecular markers, doubts still remain about the relationship and differences between their representant...
| Autor principal: | Alencar, Ronildo Baiatone |
|---|---|
| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
|
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12338 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3788442390788922 |
| Resumo: |
|---|
|
The classification of the subfamily Phlebotominae has been going through several changes
since the early twentieth century, and even with several studies employing old and new tools,
including molecular markers, doubts still remain about the relationship and differences
between their representantives. These differences reflect the lack of knowledge of the true
evolutionary history of the sandflies. In parallel, the old and current classifications consider
mostly only adult morphological data. However, is consensus among the authors on the
importance of morphological data from all life stages. These conflicts demonstrate the need
for new studies to provide hypotheses that can contribute to the phylogeny of this subfamily.
In this respect, Lutzomyia derelicta represents a singular sandfly because the adult forms
share characteristics common to species of the New and Old World. Thus, this study aimed to
provide a phylogenetic analysis with the primary purpose of determining the phylogenetic
position L. derelicta in Phlebotominae, using morphological and molecular data from
immature (D2 region ribosomal DNA). In the morphological analysis were analyzed 40 taxa,
two from the outgroup, and 47 external characters of eggs, larvae and pupae were numerically
coded as binary and Multi-State, unordered and had equal weight. The array of characters was
analyzed by the programs and Winclada NINTH, using heuristic search, TBR algorithm (tree-
bisection-reconnection) with 1000 replicates and ACCTRAN optimization. Phylogenetic
analysis with molecular markers was performed for 22 taxa, including outgroups, and inferred
by maximum likelihood (ML) using the program Treefinder, with 1000 replicates under the
evolutionary model GTR + I + G determined by the software jModelTest. As a result of the
morphological phylogenetic analysis, a strict consensus tree was presented with CI = 0.5 and
RI = 0.75. In this analysis, the monophyletic group formed by L. derelicta, L. maruaga and L.
samueli appears in a polytomy with species of Phlebotomus and another monophyletic clade
formed by other species of Lutzomyia and Sergentomyia. This result suggests that L. derelicta
do not belong to the subtribe Sergentomyiina as proposed by Galati (1995). These results
suggest that the morphological characters of immatures stages also represent important tools
for inferring phylogenetic hypotheses. Since the molecular analysis, genetic distances
indicated greater similarity between L. derelicta and other species of Lutzomyia and
Sergentomyia than to species of the genus Phlebotomus. Molecular phylogeny indicated that
L. derelicta, L. maruaga and Edentomyia piauiensis formed a monophyletic group within the
same clade where were grouped the Old World species, including species of Sergentomyia.
This finding supports the hypothesis of Freitas & Barrett (1999) that L. derelicta belong to a
monophyletic group, whose ancestral is vicariant of the ancestor of a group of Old World
sandflies. |