Avanços florísticos e filogênicos de calymperaceae kindb. (bryophyta) para Amazônia
The Bryophytes represent the second largest group of terrestrial plants after the Angiosperms. They are compose of a monophyletic group Division Bryophyta comped of three classes (Marchantiopsida, Anthocerotopsida and Bryopsida). Calymperaceae (Dicranales) belongs to the Bryopsida (mosses) and it...
| Autor principal: | Pereira, Marta Regina Silva |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12357 http://lattes.cnpq.br/5410682823550207 |
| Resumo: |
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The Bryophytes represent the second largest group of terrestrial plants after the
Angiosperms. They are compose of a monophyletic group Division Bryophyta comped
of three classes (Marchantiopsida, Anthocerotopsida and Bryopsida). Calymperaceae
(Dicranales) belongs to the Bryopsida (mosses) and its members are restricted to
habitats occurring in tropical and subtropical regions made up of seven genera of which
three are neotropical (Calymperes, Syrrhopodon e Leucophanes). The Calymperaceae is
characterized by plants which are small to robust, form carpets to tussocks, and they are
an important component of the epiphytic flora in low land forests. The family is
taxonomically well known in some regions, however phylogenetic placement of the
several genera remains unresolved as previous studies combining morphological and
molecular datas concluded that the largest genus Syrrhopodon is indeed polyphyletic.
This thesis expands the present knowledge of infra-familial phylogenetic relations,
phylogeographic patterns and floristics neotropical Calymperaceae. Specifically, the
objects of this thesis is to (1) elaborate a dichotomic key for the neotropical genera (2)
present a synopsis of the Brazilian Amazonian taxa in the family; (3) reevaluate the
phylogenetic position of the genus Calymperes with the inclusion of neotropics species;
(4) test the traditional Syrrhopodon, subgenus classification; and (5) estimate the family
divergence time and infer its biogeographic origin. The results of this work are
represented in three chapters. The first one shows a dichotomic key for all the
neotropics species and a taxonomic synopsis of the family from the Brazilian Amazon,
illustrated with a briefly species decryption followed by the geographic distribution
updating of the species. The second chapter shows the Calymperaceae molecular
phylogeny which, nowadays includes 61 from the total number of the taxa, with the
neotropics taxa inclusion. The third chaper using genotyping by sequencing to
circumvent the lack of molecular variation at selected loci previously used for
phylogeny and morphology, we determine the level of genetic and morphological
divergence and reproductive isolation between two sibling Syrrhopodon species
(Calymperaceae, Bryopsida) that occur in sympatry but in different habitats. |