Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae)
Psychodidae consists of 130 genera and approximately 3000 species, distributed in all continents except Antarctica. Psychodidae is divided into six subfamilies: Bruchomyiinae, Horaiellinae, Phlebotominae, Psychodinae, Sycoracinae and Trichomyiinae. Psychodinae is cosmopolitan and diverse, and its...
| Autor principal: | Vieira, Cínthia Barrêto Chagas |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12379 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9139663524752806 |
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oai:repositorio:1-12379 Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) Vieira, Cínthia Barrêto Chagas Rafael, José Albertino Bravo, Freddy Filogenia Taxonomia do kapala Cameron Psychodini Psychodidae consists of 130 genera and approximately 3000 species, distributed in all continents except Antarctica. Psychodidae is divided into six subfamilies: Bruchomyiinae, Horaiellinae, Phlebotominae, Psychodinae, Sycoracinae and Trichomyiinae. Psychodinae is cosmopolitan and diverse, and its suprageneric classification is controversial due to the similarity between genera. This thesis presents a phylogenetic study of "Trichopsychodina", based on 146 morphological characters of adult males of 137 species (106 species of ingroup and 31 species of outgroup). Most of the specimens studied are holotypes and/or paratypes. The parsimony analysis was done using two algorithms of the “new technology” of TNT: Tree Drifting and Ratchet. The initial search of 300 RAS + TBR resulted in 10 trees of 2048 steps in lenght. With the inclusion of 2500 interactions of Ratchet parsimony, were found 544 trees of 2044 steps and after 2500 cycles of Tree Drifting completed the number of equally parsimonious trees increased to 959. According to the results based on the strict consensus tree, Trichopsychodina is not a monophyletic group and genera that belonged to this subtribe now are allocated in Psychodini, which is supported by two autapomorphies (a row of larger alveoli at the apex of the bridge starting on the eye and the presence of a posterior arm of ascoid) and 12 homoplasies. In this proposal, Psychodini contains 13 genera, 4 of these new: Wagnermyia gen. nov. (type-species Wagnermyia calabens comb. nov.), Neartika gen. nov. (type-species Neartika jonesi comb. nov.), Neotropikos gen. nov. (type-species Neartika sextenaculus sp. nov.) e Applanatus gen. nov. (type-species Applanatus banksi comb. nov.). Although it was not possible to analyze specimens of Epacretron and Neomaruina, these genera were kept in Psychodini, because they have a series of characters that delimit the tribe. On the consensus tree, the following topology was found: (Wagnermyia (Neartika (Neotropikos ((Trichopsychoda + Threticus) (Feuerborniella (((Rhipidopsychoda + Applanatus) Psychoda s.l.) (Quatiella + Philosepedon)))))))). In this thesis, 24 new species are described and 27 species are transferred. Psychodidae possui cerca de 130 gêneros e aproximadamente 3000 espécies, distribuídas em todos os continentes, exceto na Antártica. A classificação mais aceita entre os pesquisadores do grupo divide Psychodidae em seis subfamílias: Bruchomyiinae, Horaiellinae, Phlebotominae, Psychodinae, Sycoracinae e Trichomyiinae. Psychodinae é cosmopolita e diversa, entretanto é muito uniforme morfologicamente, e por este motivo sua classificação supragenérica é um tema controverso. Na presente tese, foi realizado um estudo filogenético de “Trichopsychodina” baseado em 146 caracteres morfológicos de adultos machos de 137 espécies (106 espécies no grupo interno e 31 espécies no grupo externo). A maioria dos espécimes estudados são holótipos e/ou parátipos. A análise de parcimônia foi feita utilizando dois algoritmos da nova tecnologia do TNT, Tree Drifting e Ratchet. A busca inicial de 300 RAS + TBR resultou em 10 árvores com o comprimento de 2.048 passos. Com a inclusão de 2.500 interações de parcimônia ratchet, foram encontradas 544 árvores de 2.044 passos e após 2.500 ciclos de tree drifting completados o número de árvores igualmente parcimoniosas aumentou para 959. Por fim, foi feito o consenso estrito e com base nesta àrvore os resultados foram: Trichopsychodina não é um grupo monofilético e os gêneros que a compunham pertencem à tribo Psychodini, que é sustentada por duas autapomorfias (fileira de alvéolos maiores no vértice iniciando sobre a ponte ocular e presença de um braço posterior do ascoide) e 12 homoplasias. Neste trabalho, Psychodini passa a possuir 13 gêneros, sendo que, destes, quatro são novos: Wagnermyia gen. nov. (espécie-tipo Wagnermyia calabens comb. nov.), Neartika gen. nov. (espécie-tipo Neartika jonesi comb. nov.), Neotropikos gen. nov. (espécie-tipo Neotropikos sextenaculus sp. nov.) e Applanatus gen. nov. (espécie-tipo Applanatus banksi comb. nov.). Apesar de não ter sido possível analisar exemplares de Epacretron e Neomaruina esses gêneros foram mantidos em Psychodini por possuir uma serie de caracteres que delimitam a tribo. Após a árvore de consenso, foi obtida a seguinte topologia (Wagnermyia (Neartika (Neotropikos ((Trichopsychoda + Threticus) (Feuerborniella (((Rhipidopsychoda + Applanatus) Psychoda s.l.) (Quatiella + Philosepedon)))))))). Nesta tese ainda foram descritas 24 espécies novas e 27 espécies transferidas. 2020-02-17T19:58:31Z 2020-02-17T19:58:31Z 2013-09-30 Tese https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12379 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9139663524752806 por Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Entomologia |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
por |
| topic |
Filogenia Taxonomia do kapala Cameron Psychodini |
| spellingShingle |
Filogenia Taxonomia do kapala Cameron Psychodini Vieira, Cínthia Barrêto Chagas Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) |
| topic_facet |
Filogenia Taxonomia do kapala Cameron Psychodini |
| description |
Psychodidae consists of 130 genera and approximately 3000 species, distributed
in all continents except Antarctica. Psychodidae is divided into six subfamilies:
Bruchomyiinae, Horaiellinae, Phlebotominae, Psychodinae, Sycoracinae and
Trichomyiinae. Psychodinae is cosmopolitan and diverse, and its suprageneric
classification is controversial due to the similarity between genera. This thesis presents
a phylogenetic study of "Trichopsychodina", based on 146 morphological characters of
adult males of 137 species (106 species of ingroup and 31 species of outgroup). Most of
the specimens studied are holotypes and/or paratypes. The parsimony analysis was done
using two algorithms of the “new technology” of TNT: Tree Drifting and Ratchet. The
initial search of 300 RAS + TBR resulted in 10 trees of 2048 steps in lenght. With the
inclusion of 2500 interactions of Ratchet parsimony, were found 544 trees of 2044 steps
and after 2500 cycles of Tree Drifting completed the number of equally parsimonious
trees increased to 959. According to the results based on the strict consensus tree,
Trichopsychodina is not a monophyletic group and genera that belonged to this subtribe
now are allocated in Psychodini, which is supported by two autapomorphies (a row of
larger alveoli at the apex of the bridge starting on the eye and the presence of a posterior
arm of ascoid) and 12 homoplasies. In this proposal, Psychodini contains 13 genera, 4
of these new: Wagnermyia gen. nov. (type-species Wagnermyia calabens comb. nov.),
Neartika gen. nov. (type-species Neartika jonesi comb. nov.), Neotropikos gen. nov.
(type-species Neartika sextenaculus sp. nov.) e Applanatus gen. nov. (type-species
Applanatus banksi comb. nov.). Although it was not possible to analyze specimens of
Epacretron and Neomaruina, these genera were kept in Psychodini, because they have a
series of characters that delimit the tribe. On the consensus tree, the following topology
was found: (Wagnermyia (Neartika (Neotropikos ((Trichopsychoda + Threticus)
(Feuerborniella (((Rhipidopsychoda + Applanatus) Psychoda s.l.) (Quatiella +
Philosepedon)))))))). In this thesis, 24 new species are described and 27 species are
transferred. |
| author_additional |
Rafael, José Albertino |
| author_additionalStr |
Rafael, José Albertino |
| format |
Tese |
| author |
Vieira, Cínthia Barrêto Chagas |
| title |
Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) |
| title_short |
Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) |
| title_full |
Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) |
| title_fullStr |
Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sistemática de “Trichopsychodina” Ježek, 1985 (Diptera, Psychodidae, Psychodinae) |
| title_sort |
sistemática de “trichopsychodina” ježek, 1985 (diptera, psychodidae, psychodinae) |
| publisher |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12379 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9139663524752806 |
| _version_ |
1787142916699848704 |
| score |
11.755432 |