Taxonomia molecular dos complexos Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) e Anopheles konderi Galvão & Damasceno (1942) (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) da Amazônia brasileira
The correct identification of Anopheles species is of fundamental importance for planning the control programs of malaria vectors. The lack of studies regarding the geographical distribution and the dynamics of each vector in the transmission of malaria, limits the full understanding of the transmis...
| Autor principal: | Saraiva, José Ferreira |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12413 http://lattes.cnpq.br/7716214952107752 |
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The correct identification of Anopheles species is of fundamental importance for planning the control programs of malaria vectors. The lack of studies regarding the geographical distribution and the dynamics of each vector in the transmission of malaria, limits the full understanding of the transmission of this disease in the Brazilian Amazon. Anopheles oswaldoi and A. konderi constitute a species complex with geographical distribution in countries of South America, the first being incriminated as a vector of human malaria in Colombia and in some areas of the Brazilian Amazon. This study is aimed to identify molecular and evolutionary relationships of species of complex A. oswaldoi and A. konderi, with the use of two molecular markers, the DNA barcode region (COI gene) of the mitochondrial DNA and the Second Internal Spacer Transcript (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA. COI sequences (n = 83) and ITS2 (n = 27) were obtained from 18 sites of five states in the Brazilian Amazon: Acre (3), Amapá (7), Amazonas (5), Pará (1) and Rondônia (2). The consensus sequences of COI exhibited a length of 663 bp which generated 43 haplotypes and five species, represented by six networks which are not connected, whereas for ITS2 marker, ten genotypes were identified. ITS2 sequences varied in length from 441 bp to 511 bp between species. Anopheles oswaldoi B was the species with the highest number of mutations with four transversions, a transition and a deletion. The results suggest five species for the two complexes (A. oswaldoi ss., A. oswaldoi A, A. oswaldoi B, A. konderi and A. sp. nr. konderi). The values of intra-specific genetic distances were 0.007 to 0.014, whereas the interspecific genetic distances were 0.038 to 0.062. The separate and concatenated phylogenetic analyses were performed using respective algorithms and evolutionary models, such as the Neighbor Joining (NJ - K2P), Maximum Likelihood (ML - HKY) and Inference Bayesian (IB - HKY / GTR), which resulted in distinct topologies. Analyses of NJ and ML showed better resolutions, with two major clades and a more basal clade. One of the clades was represented by A. oswaldoi ss. and A. oswaldoi B, the other grouped A. konderi and A. sp. nr. konderi. The A. oswaldoi A formed a separate and basal clade. All clades and subclades had high bootstrap support values and posterior probability, and suggest reciprocal monophyly. The tree species recovered by IB with concatenated data in *BEAST grouped A. oswaldoi A and A. konderi as related clades, indicating paraphilia for the complex A. konderi. The phylogenetic analyses as well as the genetic distances values suggested the presence of probable genetic lineages, especially within A. oswaldoi A. The phylogenetic inferences suggested that the five species can be clustered into a single complex. The studies of infection and geographic distribution suggest that A. oswaldoi B can be the malaria vector in the northern Brazilian Amazon. |