Dissertação

Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)

With nearly 1500 species Hydropsychidae is the third largest family of Trichoptera. The group is divided into five subfamilies, in which stands out Macronematinae encompassing the Macronematini and Polymorphanisini tribes. Synoestropsis is the only Neotropical genus belonging to Polymorphanisini wi...

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Autor principal: Silva, Patrik Barcelos e
Grau: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Publicado em: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA 2020
Assuntos:
COI
Polymorphanisini
Synoestropsis
Acesso em linha: https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12416
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106663399525677
id oai:repositorio:1-12416
recordtype dspace
spelling oai:repositorio:1-12416 Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) Silva, Patrik Barcelos e Pes, Ana Maria Oliveira Holzenthal, Ralph COI Polymorphanisini Synoestropsis With nearly 1500 species Hydropsychidae is the third largest family of Trichoptera. The group is divided into five subfamilies, in which stands out Macronematinae encompassing the Macronematini and Polymorphanisini tribes. Synoestropsis is the only Neotropical genus belonging to Polymorphanisini with 10 described species ranging from northeastern Argentina to southern México. Some of Synoestropsis taxonomic problems are the absence of standardized descriptions and lack of diagnostic characters to enable reliable species differentiation. There is still few information about the immature stages in species level. There are some limitations among the traditional methods for rearing and associating larvae and adults, and the use of molecular tools such as “DNA barcoding”, can help to minimize the difficulty of associating life stages. Still, these data can be used for species separation and delimitation. The choice of collecting points aimed to encompass the genus geographical range. Along with the collected material, specimens from various institutions were examined. Larvae that were considered mature were reared to obtain the adults, thus aiding in morphological association. The extractions were performed with DNeasy ® Blood & Tissue kit, and after the completion of PCR and sequencing, the data was analyzed using the MEGA program with the following methods: Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-joining. The confection of the data matrix was based on the external morphology of adults. Phylogenetic analysis were conducted with the TNT program based on the principle of maximum parsimony, with characters treated as unordered. Analysis with uniform weighting and differential weighing were performed. Four larvae/adult and five sex associations were obtained with molecular data. The topologies showed similar results between methods, with high support for larvae/adult and sex associations as well as species delimitation. However, support of clades regarding the relationship between species was not significant. A new species was described and associated with its respective larva and the larvae of S. pedicillata, S. grisoli and one unassociated larva morphotype were described. The result of codification produced a matrix with 24 characters based on adult morphology. The analysis corroborates the monophyly of Synoestropsis and a hypothesis of relationship among species is proposed. Com cerca de 1500 espécies Hydropsychidae é a terceira maior família de Trichoptera. O grupo se divide em cinco subfamílias, das quais se destaca Macronematinae englobando as tribos Macronematini e Polymorphanisini. Synoestropsis é o único gênero Neotropical pertencente à Polymorphanisini, possui 10 espécies descritas podendo ser encontrados desde o nordeste da Argentina até o sul do México. Dentre os problemas taxonômicos em Synoestropsis, destaca-se a ausência de descrições padronizadas e a falta de caracteres diagnósticos que permitam a diferenciação segura das espécies. Além disso, há pouco conhecimento acerca dos estágios imaturos em nível específico. Dentre os métodos de criação e associação de larvas e adultos tradicionais, podemos encontrar algumas limitações e a utilização de ferramentas moleculares tais como “DNA barcoding”, pode auxiliar a minimizar a dificuldade de associação entre os estágios de vida. Ainda, esses dados podem ser utilizados para separação e delimitação de espécies. A escolha dos pontos de coleta destinou-se a abranger toda ocorrência geográfica do gênero. Aliado ao material coletado, as amostras de várias instituições foram examinadas. Larvas maduras foram criadas para obtenção dos adultos e associação morfológica. As extrações foram realizadas com DNeasy® Blood & Tissue kit e após a realização das PCRs e sequenciamento os dados foram analisados no programa MEGA utilizando os seguintes métodos: Máxima Parcimônia, Máxima Verossimilhança e Neighbor-joining. A confecção da matriz de dados foi baseada na morfologia externa dos adultos. As análises filogenéticas foram conduzidas no programa TNT com base no princípio da Máxima Parcimônia, sendo os caracteres tratados como não ordenados. Foram realizadas análises com pesagem uniforme e pesagem diferencial. Quatro associações larvas/adultos e cinco associações sexuais foram obtidas com dados moleculares. As topologias mostraram resultados semelhantes entre os métodos, com suporte significativo para as associações, bem como para delimitação das espécies. Entretanto os suportes dos clados que definem a relação entre as espécies não foram significativos. Uma nova espécie foi descrita e associada à sua respectiva larva. Ainda, foram descritas as larvas de S. pedicillata, S. grisoli e um morfótipo não associado. O resultado da codificação gerou uma matriz com 24 caracteres baseado na morfologia do adulto. As análises corroboraram com o monofiletismo de Synoestropsis e uma hipótese de relacionamento entre as espécies é proposta. 2020-02-17T20:21:34Z 2020-02-17T20:21:34Z 2014-03-11 Dissertação https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12416 http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106663399525677 por Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Entomologia
institution Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional
collection INPA-RI
language por
topic COI
Polymorphanisini
Synoestropsis
spellingShingle COI
Polymorphanisini
Synoestropsis
Silva, Patrik Barcelos e
Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
topic_facet COI
Polymorphanisini
Synoestropsis
description With nearly 1500 species Hydropsychidae is the third largest family of Trichoptera. The group is divided into five subfamilies, in which stands out Macronematinae encompassing the Macronematini and Polymorphanisini tribes. Synoestropsis is the only Neotropical genus belonging to Polymorphanisini with 10 described species ranging from northeastern Argentina to southern México. Some of Synoestropsis taxonomic problems are the absence of standardized descriptions and lack of diagnostic characters to enable reliable species differentiation. There is still few information about the immature stages in species level. There are some limitations among the traditional methods for rearing and associating larvae and adults, and the use of molecular tools such as “DNA barcoding”, can help to minimize the difficulty of associating life stages. Still, these data can be used for species separation and delimitation. The choice of collecting points aimed to encompass the genus geographical range. Along with the collected material, specimens from various institutions were examined. Larvae that were considered mature were reared to obtain the adults, thus aiding in morphological association. The extractions were performed with DNeasy ® Blood & Tissue kit, and after the completion of PCR and sequencing, the data was analyzed using the MEGA program with the following methods: Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-joining. The confection of the data matrix was based on the external morphology of adults. Phylogenetic analysis were conducted with the TNT program based on the principle of maximum parsimony, with characters treated as unordered. Analysis with uniform weighting and differential weighing were performed. Four larvae/adult and five sex associations were obtained with molecular data. The topologies showed similar results between methods, with high support for larvae/adult and sex associations as well as species delimitation. However, support of clades regarding the relationship between species was not significant. A new species was described and associated with its respective larva and the larvae of S. pedicillata, S. grisoli and one unassociated larva morphotype were described. The result of codification produced a matrix with 24 characters based on adult morphology. The analysis corroborates the monophyly of Synoestropsis and a hypothesis of relationship among species is proposed.
author_additional Pes, Ana Maria Oliveira
author_additionalStr Pes, Ana Maria Oliveira
format Dissertação
author Silva, Patrik Barcelos e
title Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
title_short Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
title_full Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
title_fullStr Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
title_full_unstemmed Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Neotropical Synoestropsis Ulmer, 1905 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
title_sort taxonomia e filogenia do gênero neotropical synoestropsis ulmer, 1905 (trichoptera: hydropsychidae)
publisher Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
publishDate 2020
url https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12416
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5106663399525677
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score 11.755432

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