A composição elementar do aerossol atmosférico em Manaus e Balbina
The Amazon region is the most extensive tropical forest of the world, representing 40% of the area of tropical forest of the planet. Alterations in this ecosystem can alter the climate on the regional and global scales. In the area of the atmospheric chemistry, the aerosols are important since they...
| Autor principal: | Arana, Andréa Araújo |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12609 http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4242522Y3 |
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The Amazon region is the most extensive tropical forest of the world, representing 40% of the area of tropical forest of the planet. Alterations in this ecosystem can alter the climate on the regional and global scales. In the area of the atmospheric chemistry, the aerosols are important since they affect the biogeochemistry cycles and the atmospheric radiation budget, besides having important effect on the formation and development of the clouds. The objective of this work is to investigate the processes and/or sources that regulate the elementary composition of atmospheric aerosols in central Amazon (a remote region with little influence of anthropogenic activities). The measurements of elementary composition of aerosols in the biological reserve (Rbio) of the Cuieiras - Manaus and in Balbina are compared in an attempt to finding a regional identity of the biogenic natural aerosol in the Central region of the Amazon Basin. Statistical multivariate techniques, such as principal factors analysis (AFP) and cluster analysis, were applied to the chemical composition data collected in Manaus (February to October of 2008) and Balbina (October of 1998 to March of 2002). Atmospheric processes that determine the chemical composition of the particles of aerosol, like the long distance transport of dust from the desert of Sahara and sea aerosol, the biogenic emissions during the rainy season and the emissions of forest fires most pronounced during the dry season, are identified. The model of trajectories of air masses Hysplit is used to substantiate the transport of Saharan dust up to the Amazon region, during the rainy season. The principal factors that affect the quantity and composition of the particulate matter in suspension in the Amazonian atmosphere, as a result of the comparison of the Manaus and Balbina stations are qualitatively identified. The principal factors for the two stations are similar both in the fine mode (Dp <2 μm) and in the coarse mode (2 μm <Dp <10 μm). For the fine mode the first component is characterized by natural biogenic emissions with the association of black carbon (BC), the second component is by the ground dust and the third one is also by biogenic emission but of different nature. The third mode shows the presence of phosphorus (P) isolated from the other elements. In the coarse mode first component is connected with the ground dust, the second component is connected with biogenic emission with the associated BC, and the third component is characterized probably by sea aerosol, with the presence of the element chlorine (Cl). |