Biomassa florestal e equações alométricas para estimar carbono em uma floresta de campinarana na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Uatumã, Amazônia Central
The general objective of this study was to characterize a white sand forest analyzing dominant species of this ecosystem in order to obtain nformation on the distribution of aboveground and belowground biomass, to develop allometric equations to estimate dry wood biomass and to analyze the growth dy...
| Autor principal: | Villa Zegarra, Boris Eduardo |
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| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12682 http://lattes.cnpq.br/7454052193490720 |
| Resumo: |
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The general objective of this study was to characterize a white sand forest analyzing dominant species of this ecosystem in order to obtain nformation on the distribution of aboveground and belowground biomass, to develop allometric equations to estimate dry wood biomass and to analyze the growth dynamics of the dominant white sand forest species in the Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) of Uatumã, located in the municipality of São Sebastião de Uatumã, in the State of Amazonas. The study was structured in three chapters. In the first chapter the distribution of tree biomass in its components aboveground (trunk, branches and leaves) and belowground (total and fine roots) was analyzed. Using the destructive method, 70 trees were felled from six characteristic tree species of the white sand forest of RDS Uatumã. All the components were weighed in the field. Moisture contento of wood was determined to obtain the dry biomass. The basic wood density and moisture content for each species were determined. The sum of the total dry biomass of the sampled trees, the contribution of carbon and CO2 were 20.69±0.33 Mg; 10.34±0.16 Mg C e 37.93±0.60 Mg CO2 respectively. The species that most contribute to dry biomass were in decreasing order: Aldina
heterophylla, Sacoglottis guianensis and Manilkara cavalcantei. The distribution of dry biomass components was: trunk (54.8%), branches (34.6%), main root (8.8%) and leaves (1.8%). The average wood density for the species was 0.72±0,08 g cm-3, ranging from 0.64 to 0.86 g cm-3. The dry total biomass of total and fine roots (BSR) in the permanent monitoring plots (PPM) of the white sand forest on average was 46.2±15.7 and 7.4±3.6 Mg ha-1 respectively. In the first 20 cm of soil depth 86% of the total root biomass is concentrated, being an environment with a high investment in the superficial layers due to the concentration of nutrients as it was analyzed in the profile of distribution of the main macronutrients. In the second chapter, allometric equations were adjusted to estimate aboveground woody dry biomass (BSLAS) by mathematical models. The dendrometric parameters of 70 trees of six dominant tree species in the campinaranas of the RDS Uatumã were used for model calibrations. The independent variables used in the equations were diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT) and basic density of wood
11 (DB). The best estimates for BSLAS were obtained by logarithmic equation using the three variables. The average of BSLAS estimated with the best model was 157±31 Mg ha-1, with R2ajd (adjusted coefficient of determination) = 0.94; Syx% (standard error of the estimate in percent) = 3.314; DIC (Information Criterion) = 664.4; CF (correction factor) = 1.019 and a homogeneous distribution of the residuals. Specific allometric equations were developed for the six studied species. The adjusted equations were contrasted with other regional equations and pantropical models indicating the equation of Chave et al. (2005) as the best equation to estimate BSLAS in white sand forest. In the third chapter the wood anatomical features of the six dominant tree species were described. Based on this tree-ring analyses were performed to estimate tree age, mean annual increment (IMA) in diameter, tree height and aboveground dry wood biomass. The average age of the 70 trees of the six species was 78±26 years, ranging from 16 to 232 years. The average IMA in diameter of the six species was 2.78±1.22 mm yr-1. These low IMA values of the species are mainly related to the low soil fertility in the campinaranas compared to other forest types with more nutrient rich soils (terra firme and várzea). Growth models were developed for the six dominant tree species in diameter, tree height and aboveground wood biomass to estimate the productivity in the PPM of the RDS Uatumã. The average productivity for the whites sand forest of RDS Uatumã was 1.08±0.43 Mg ha-1 year-1. This low productivity, compared to other forest types in the Amazon sucha s floodplain (igapó and várzea) and terra firme forests indicate that these ecosystems are priority areas for conservation. |