Características morfofisiológicas e bioquímicas de clones de guaraná Paullinia cupana Kunt. var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke cultivados sob plantio comercial na Amazônia
Due to its highest PCS (Production-to-composition system) value the cultivation of guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunt. var. sorbilis) represents one of the most important commodities of the Amazonian agribusiness. Nevertheless, the low technological level used in the crops linked to the absence of consi...
| Autor principal: | Oliveira, Eneida Regina Nacimento |
|---|---|
| Grau: | Tese |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
|
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12825 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2900370081108090 |
| Resumo: |
|---|
|
Due to its highest PCS (Production-to-composition system) value the cultivation of guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunt. var. sorbilis) represents one of the most important commodities of the Amazonian agribusiness. Nevertheless, the low technological level used in the crops linked to the absence of consistent scientific results on the management, just as the physiological characteristics of this culture have been responsible for its low-yield production. Therefore, this paper has had as an objective to research morphological and metabolical characteristics of the guaraná plant, as well as to identify its answers to phenotypical variations and abiotic agents. The experiments were conducted in the guaraná plantation of Jayoro Farm at Presidente Figueiredo Municipality, Amazonas-Brasil (01°57’24” S, 60°08’31” W). The annual rainfall average of study Field was 256,3 mm on the dry period/2008 and 357,5mm on the rain period/2009. Adult plants from six guaraná clones (BRS300, BRS619, BRS608, BRS370 and BRS611) of 3 years old were evaluated as much as the physical and chemical characteristics as well as the fertility of the soils plantation where there are the clones above mentioned, as well as the foliar nutrient contents, foliar water potential, water efficiency, related characteristics to gaseous exchange and foliar anatomy, besides photochemical yield of photosystem II, chloroplastid pigments and finally it was determined the methylxantine content in different parts of the plant. The soils beneath the guaraná plantations presented low fertility, with high acidity, low capacity of effective cationic exchange besides high aluminum saturation promoting a situation of non-available nutrients for the plant. The different rainfall periods have not influenced the hydric-status of guaraná clones. Furthermore, the clone has presented tolerance to diurnal variations, by the recovery of their water potential at the end of day. The higher photosynthetic rates were verified on BRS619 and BRS608 clones during the raining period. The different rainfall periods has not influenced the dark respiration. Meanwhile, the clones presented modifications concerning foliar anatomy. In respect to the kinetic of chlorophyll fluorescence a, the largest increases of ABS/CS, TRo/CS, DI0/CS were presented during the period of less rainfall. Beyond this, in that period clones were not much efficient to ETo/RC and ETo/CS. The clone BRS608 standed out by presenting the smaller variations of PIabs among the rainfall periods, except to the clone BRS300 that presented the highest values on the dry period. The clone BRS871 presented highest values of ratio chl a/b and clone BRS370, presented the highest values of ratio cht/car assuring to this clones higher tolerance to the stress by high irradiance. The highest contents of methylxantines were found in almost every part of BRS608 clone, suggesting potential for future biotechnological studies which involve metabolic pathways methylxantines. In spite the guaraná clones presented identical genetic material, they differe in relation to their phenotypical characteristics in response to the abiotic facts that are submitted, presenting different strategies for tolerance to abiotic variations, in this case presenting phenotypical plasticity in anatomic level, besides to be tolerant to high radiation as well as accumulating methylxantines in a differential form in many parts of the plant. |