The 27 species of Mantispidae known from the Amazon Basin are described, keys are presented to their identification, and distributions recorded. Seven new species are recorded for the first timePlega beardi, Plega duckei, Plega paraense, Trichoscelia anae, Climaciella amapaensis, Mantispa ariasi, and Mantispa parvula. Twenty names are synonomizedAnisoptera romani Esben-Petersen = Anchieta bella Westwood; Anchieta nobilis Navás = Anchieta fumosella (Westwood); Mantispa cognatella Westwood = Plega hagenella (Westwood); Anisoptera amoenula Gerstaecker = Trichoscelia egella Westwood; Mantista (Trichoscelia) basella Westwood = Trichoscelia iridella Westwood; Anisoptera jocosa Gerstaecker and Symphrasis thaumasta Navás = Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan; Nobrega tinctus Navás = Climaciella semihyalina (Serville); Entanoneura chopardi Navás and Entanoneura jocosa Navás = Mantispa batesella Westwood; Mantispa trilineata Navás and Matispa gounellei Navás = Mantispa gracilis ErichsonMantispa viridis Stitz, Mantispa pallescens Navás, Mantispilla flavescens Navás. Mantispilla trichostigma Navás, Mantispa viridula Erichson, Mantispa flaveola, and Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille = Mantispa minuta (Fabricius); nd Mantispa debilis Gerstaecker = Mantispa compellens Walker. Lectotypes are designated for five speciesAnchieta nobilis Navás, Trichoscelia partheniella Westwood. Trichoscelia iridella Westwood. Mantispa myrapetrella Westwood, and Mantispa moulti Navás.
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