Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there
A relatively large number of studies reassert the strong relationship between galling insect diversity and extreme hydric and thermal status in some habitats, and an overall pattern of a greater number of galling species in the understory of scleromorphic vegetation. We compared galling insect diver...
| Autor principal: | Julião, Genimar Rebouças |
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| Outros Autores: | Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, Fernandes, G. Wilson, Price, Peter W. |
| Grau: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
PLoS ONE
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14705 |
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oai:repositorio:1-14705 |
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oai:repositorio:1-14705 Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there Julião, Genimar Rebouças Venticinque, Eduardo Martins Fernandes, G. Wilson Price, Peter W. Biogeographic Region Brasil Canopy Floodplain Gall Insect Habitat Nonhuman Population Abundance Savanna Soil Property Species Diversity Species Richness Tree Vegetation Animals Biodiversity Classification Forest Grassland Insect Population Dynamics Season Soil Hexapoda Soil Animalss Biodiversity Brasil Forests Grassland Insects Population Dynamics Seasons Soil Trees A relatively large number of studies reassert the strong relationship between galling insect diversity and extreme hydric and thermal status in some habitats, and an overall pattern of a greater number of galling species in the understory of scleromorphic vegetation. We compared galling insect diversity in the forest canopy and its relationship with tree richness among upland terra firme, várzea, and igapó floodplains in Amazonia, Brazil. The soils of these forest types have highly different hydric and nutritional status. Overall, we examined the upper layer of 1,091 tree crowns. Galling species richness and abundance were higher in terra firme forests compared to várzea and igapó forests. GLM-ANCOVA models revealed that the number of tree species sampled in each forest type was determinant in the gall-forming insect diversity. The ratio between galling insect richness and number of tree species sampled (GIR/TSS ratio) was higher in the terra firme forest and in seasonally flooded igapó, while the várzea presented the lowest GIR/TSS ratio. In this study, we recorded unprecedented values of galling species diversity and abundance per sampling point. The GIR/TSS ratio from várzea was approximately 2.5 times higher than the highest value of this ratio ever reported in the literature. Based on this fact, we ascertained that várzea and igapó floodplain forests (with lower GIA and GIR), together with the speciose terra firme galling community emerge as the gall diversity apex landscape among all biogeographic regions already investigated. Contrary to expectation, our results also support the "harsh environment hypothesis", and unveil the Amazonian upper canopy as similar to vegetation habitats, hygrothermically stressed environments with temperature at lethal limits and high levels of leaf sclerophylly. © 2014 Julião et al. 2020-04-24T17:00:36Z 2020-04-24T17:00:36Z 2014 Artigo https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14705 10.1371/journal.pone.0114986 en Volume 9, Número 12 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf PLoS ONE |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Biogeographic Region Brasil Canopy Floodplain Gall Insect Habitat Nonhuman Population Abundance Savanna Soil Property Species Diversity Species Richness Tree Vegetation Animals Biodiversity Classification Forest Grassland Insect Population Dynamics Season Soil Hexapoda Soil Animalss Biodiversity Brasil Forests Grassland Insects Population Dynamics Seasons Soil Trees |
| spellingShingle |
Biogeographic Region Brasil Canopy Floodplain Gall Insect Habitat Nonhuman Population Abundance Savanna Soil Property Species Diversity Species Richness Tree Vegetation Animals Biodiversity Classification Forest Grassland Insect Population Dynamics Season Soil Hexapoda Soil Animalss Biodiversity Brasil Forests Grassland Insects Population Dynamics Seasons Soil Trees Julião, Genimar Rebouças Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there |
| topic_facet |
Biogeographic Region Brasil Canopy Floodplain Gall Insect Habitat Nonhuman Population Abundance Savanna Soil Property Species Diversity Species Richness Tree Vegetation Animals Biodiversity Classification Forest Grassland Insect Population Dynamics Season Soil Hexapoda Soil Animalss Biodiversity Brasil Forests Grassland Insects Population Dynamics Seasons Soil Trees |
| description |
A relatively large number of studies reassert the strong relationship between galling insect diversity and extreme hydric and thermal status in some habitats, and an overall pattern of a greater number of galling species in the understory of scleromorphic vegetation. We compared galling insect diversity in the forest canopy and its relationship with tree richness among upland terra firme, várzea, and igapó floodplains in Amazonia, Brazil. The soils of these forest types have highly different hydric and nutritional status. Overall, we examined the upper layer of 1,091 tree crowns. Galling species richness and abundance were higher in terra firme forests compared to várzea and igapó forests. GLM-ANCOVA models revealed that the number of tree species sampled in each forest type was determinant in the gall-forming insect diversity. The ratio between galling insect richness and number of tree species sampled (GIR/TSS ratio) was higher in the terra firme forest and in seasonally flooded igapó, while the várzea presented the lowest GIR/TSS ratio. In this study, we recorded unprecedented values of galling species diversity and abundance per sampling point. The GIR/TSS ratio from várzea was approximately 2.5 times higher than the highest value of this ratio ever reported in the literature. Based on this fact, we ascertained that várzea and igapó floodplain forests (with lower GIA and GIR), together with the speciose terra firme galling community emerge as the gall diversity apex landscape among all biogeographic regions already investigated. Contrary to expectation, our results also support the "harsh environment hypothesis", and unveil the Amazonian upper canopy as similar to vegetation habitats, hygrothermically stressed environments with temperature at lethal limits and high levels of leaf sclerophylly. © 2014 Julião et al. |
| format |
Artigo |
| author |
Julião, Genimar Rebouças |
| author2 |
Venticinque, Eduardo Martins Fernandes, G. Wilson Price, Peter W. |
| author2Str |
Venticinque, Eduardo Martins Fernandes, G. Wilson Price, Peter W. |
| title |
Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there |
| title_short |
Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there |
| title_full |
Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there |
| title_fullStr |
Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there |
| title_sort |
unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the amazonian upper canopy: the savanna out there |
| publisher |
PLoS ONE |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/14705 |
| _version_ |
1787141301889662976 |
| score |
11.755432 |