Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)
The Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Experiment was carried out in the environs of Manaus, Brazil, in the central region of the Amazon basin for 2 years from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015. The experiment focused on the complex interactions among vegetati...
| Autor principal: | Martin, Scot T. |
|---|---|
| Outros Autores: | Artaxo, Paulo, Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo, Manzi, Antônio Ocimar, Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de, Schumacher, Courtney J., Wang, Jian, Andreae, Meinrat O., Barbosa, H. M. J., Fan, J., Fisch, Gilberto Fernando, Goldstein, Allen H., Guenther, Alex B., Ji?enez, José Luis, Pöschl, Ulrich, Silva-Dias, Maria Assunção F., Smith, James N., Wendisch, M. |
| Grau: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15393 |
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oai:repositorio:1-15393 |
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oai:repositorio:1-15393 Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Martin, Scot T. Artaxo, Paulo Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo Manzi, Antônio Ocimar Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Schumacher, Courtney J. Wang, Jian Andreae, Meinrat O. Barbosa, H. M. J. Fan, J. Fisch, Gilberto Fernando Goldstein, Allen H. Guenther, Alex B. Ji?enez, José Luis Pöschl, Ulrich Silva-Dias, Maria Assunção F. Smith, James N. Wendisch, M. Aerosol Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Pollution Human Activity Mesoscale Meteorology Modeling Satellite Data Synoptic Meteorology Vegetation Africa Amazon Basin Amazonas Brasil Manaus The Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Experiment was carried out in the environs of Manaus, Brazil, in the central region of the Amazon basin for 2 years from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015. The experiment focused on the complex interactions among vegetation, atmospheric chemistry, and aerosol production on the one hand and their connections to aerosols, clouds, and precipitation on the other. The objective was to understand and quantify these linked processes, first under natural conditions to obtain a baseline and second when altered by the effects of human activities. To this end, the pollution plume from the Manaus metropolis, superimposed on the background conditions of the central Amazon basin, served as a natural laboratory. The present paper, as the introduction to the special issue of GoAmazon2014/5, presents the context and motivation of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. The nine research sites, including the characteristics and instrumentation of each site, are presented. The sites range from time point zero (T0) upwind of the pollution, to T1 in the midst of the pollution, to T2 just downwind of the pollution, to T3 furthest downwind of the pollution (70 km). In addition to the ground sites, a low-altitude G-159 Gulfstream I (G-1) observed the atmospheric boundary layer and low clouds, and a high-altitude Gulfstream G550 (HALO) operated in the free troposphere. During the 2-year experiment, two Intensive Operating Periods (IOP1 and IOP2) also took place that included additional specialized research instrumentation at the ground sites as well as flights of the two aircraft. GoAmazon2014/5 IOP1 was carried out from 1 February to 31 March 2014 in the wet season. GoAmazon2014/5 IOP2 was conducted from 15 August to 15 October 2014 in the dry season. The G-1 aircraft flew during both IOP1 and IOP2, and the HALO aircraft flew during IOP2. In the context of the Amazon basin, the two IOPs also correspond to the clean and biomass burning seasons, respectively. The Manaus plume is present year-round, and it is transported by prevailing northeasterly and easterly winds in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This introduction also organizes information relevant to many papers in the special issue. Information is provided on the vehicle fleet, power plants, and industrial activities of Manaus. The mesoscale and synoptic meteorologies relevant to the two IOPs are presented. Regional and long-range transport of emissions during the two IOPs is discussed based on satellite observations across South America and Africa. Fire locations throughout the airshed are detailed. In conjunction with the context and motivation of GoAmazon2014/5 as presented in this introduction, research articles including thematic overview articles are anticipated in this special issue to describe the detailed results and findings of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. © Author(s) 2016. 2020-05-08T20:40:39Z 2020-05-08T20:40:39Z 2016 Artigo https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15393 10.5194/acp-16-4785-2016 en Volume 16, Número 8, Pags. 4785-4797 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ application/pdf Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Aerosol Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Pollution Human Activity Mesoscale Meteorology Modeling Satellite Data Synoptic Meteorology Vegetation Africa Amazon Basin Amazonas Brasil Manaus |
| spellingShingle |
Aerosol Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Pollution Human Activity Mesoscale Meteorology Modeling Satellite Data Synoptic Meteorology Vegetation Africa Amazon Basin Amazonas Brasil Manaus Martin, Scot T. Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) |
| topic_facet |
Aerosol Atmospheric Chemistry Atmospheric Pollution Human Activity Mesoscale Meteorology Modeling Satellite Data Synoptic Meteorology Vegetation Africa Amazon Basin Amazonas Brasil Manaus |
| description |
The Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) Experiment was carried out in the environs of Manaus, Brazil, in the central region of the Amazon basin for 2 years from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015. The experiment focused on the complex interactions among vegetation, atmospheric chemistry, and aerosol production on the one hand and their connections to aerosols, clouds, and precipitation on the other. The objective was to understand and quantify these linked processes, first under natural conditions to obtain a baseline and second when altered by the effects of human activities. To this end, the pollution plume from the Manaus metropolis, superimposed on the background conditions of the central Amazon basin, served as a natural laboratory. The present paper, as the introduction to the special issue of GoAmazon2014/5, presents the context and motivation of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. The nine research sites, including the characteristics and instrumentation of each site, are presented. The sites range from time point zero (T0) upwind of the pollution, to T1 in the midst of the pollution, to T2 just downwind of the pollution, to T3 furthest downwind of the pollution (70 km). In addition to the ground sites, a low-altitude G-159 Gulfstream I (G-1) observed the atmospheric boundary layer and low clouds, and a high-altitude Gulfstream G550 (HALO) operated in the free troposphere. During the 2-year experiment, two Intensive Operating Periods (IOP1 and IOP2) also took place that included additional specialized research instrumentation at the ground sites as well as flights of the two aircraft. GoAmazon2014/5 IOP1 was carried out from 1 February to 31 March 2014 in the wet season. GoAmazon2014/5 IOP2 was conducted from 15 August to 15 October 2014 in the dry season. The G-1 aircraft flew during both IOP1 and IOP2, and the HALO aircraft flew during IOP2. In the context of the Amazon basin, the two IOPs also correspond to the clean and biomass burning seasons, respectively. The Manaus plume is present year-round, and it is transported by prevailing northeasterly and easterly winds in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This introduction also organizes information relevant to many papers in the special issue. Information is provided on the vehicle fleet, power plants, and industrial activities of Manaus. The mesoscale and synoptic meteorologies relevant to the two IOPs are presented. Regional and long-range transport of emissions during the two IOPs is discussed based on satellite observations across South America and Africa. Fire locations throughout the airshed are detailed. In conjunction with the context and motivation of GoAmazon2014/5 as presented in this introduction, research articles including thematic overview articles are anticipated in this special issue to describe the detailed results and findings of the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment. © Author(s) 2016. |
| format |
Artigo |
| author |
Martin, Scot T. |
| author2 |
Artaxo, Paulo Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo Manzi, Antônio Ocimar Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Schumacher, Courtney J. Wang, Jian Andreae, Meinrat O. Barbosa, H. M. J. Fan, J. Fisch, Gilberto Fernando Goldstein, Allen H. Guenther, Alex B. Ji?enez, José Luis Pöschl, Ulrich Silva-Dias, Maria Assunção F. Smith, James N. Wendisch, M. |
| author2Str |
Artaxo, Paulo Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo Manzi, Antônio Ocimar Souza, Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de Schumacher, Courtney J. Wang, Jian Andreae, Meinrat O. Barbosa, H. M. J. Fan, J. Fisch, Gilberto Fernando Goldstein, Allen H. Guenther, Alex B. Ji?enez, José Luis Pöschl, Ulrich Silva-Dias, Maria Assunção F. Smith, James N. Wendisch, M. |
| title |
Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) |
| title_short |
Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) |
| title_full |
Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) |
| title_fullStr |
Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) |
| title_sort |
introduction: observations and modeling of the green ocean amazon (goamazon2014/5) |
| publisher |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/15393 |
| _version_ |
1787143330320089088 |
| score |
11.755432 |