Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest
This work investigates the diurnal and seasonal behavior of the energy balance residual (E) that results from the observed difference between available energy and the turbulent fluxes of sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE) at the FLUXNET BR-Ma2 site located in the Brazilian central Amazon rainfor...
| Autor principal: | Gerken, Tobias |
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| Outros Autores: | Ruddell, Benjamin L., Fuentes, José D., Araüjo, Alessandro Carioca de, Brunsell, Nathaniel A., Maia, Jair Max Furtunato, Manzi, Antônio Ocimar, Mercer, Juliane Rezende, dos Santos, Rosa Maria Nascimento, Von Randow, Celso, Stoy, Paul C. |
| Grau: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16922 |
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oai:repositorio:1-16922 |
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dspace |
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oai:repositorio:1-16922 Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest Gerken, Tobias Ruddell, Benjamin L. Fuentes, José D. Araüjo, Alessandro Carioca de Brunsell, Nathaniel A. Maia, Jair Max Furtunato Manzi, Antônio Ocimar Mercer, Juliane Rezende dos Santos, Rosa Maria Nascimento Von Randow, Celso Stoy, Paul C. Bowen Ratio Eddy Covariance Energy Balance Information Latent Heat Flux Net Radiation Rainforest Seasonal Variation Sensible Heat Flux Energy Surface Tropical Forest Turbulent Flow Amazonia Brasil This work investigates the diurnal and seasonal behavior of the energy balance residual (E) that results from the observed difference between available energy and the turbulent fluxes of sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE) at the FLUXNET BR-Ma2 site located in the Brazilian central Amazon rainforest. The behavior of E is analyzed by extending the eddy covariance averaging length from 30 min to 4 h and by applying an Information Flow Dynamical Process Network to diagnose processes and conditions affecting E across different seasons. Results show that the seasonal turbulent flux dynamics and the Bowen ratio are primarily driven by net radiation (Rn), with substantial sub-seasonal variability. The Bowen ratio increased from 0.25 in April to 0.4 at the end of September. Extension of the averaging length from 0.5 (94.6% closure) to 4 h and thus inclusion of longer timescale eddies and mesoscale processes closes the energy balance and lead to an increase in the Bowen ratio, thus highlighting the importance of additional H to E. Information flow analysis reveals that the components of the energy balance explain between 25 and 40% of the total Shannon entropy with higher values during the wet season than the dry season. Dry season information flow from the buoyancy flux to E are 30–50% larger than that from H, indicating the potential importance of buoyancy fluxes to closing E. While the low closure highlights additional sources not captured in the flux data and random measurement errors contributing to E, the findings of the information flow and averaging length analysis are consistent with the impact of mesoscale circulations, which tend to transport more H than LE, on the lack of closure. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. 2020-06-15T21:37:21Z 2020-06-15T21:37:21Z 2018 Artigo https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16922 10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.03.023 en Volume 255, Pags. 92-103 Restrito Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Bowen Ratio Eddy Covariance Energy Balance Information Latent Heat Flux Net Radiation Rainforest Seasonal Variation Sensible Heat Flux Energy Surface Tropical Forest Turbulent Flow Amazonia Brasil |
| spellingShingle |
Bowen Ratio Eddy Covariance Energy Balance Information Latent Heat Flux Net Radiation Rainforest Seasonal Variation Sensible Heat Flux Energy Surface Tropical Forest Turbulent Flow Amazonia Brasil Gerken, Tobias Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest |
| topic_facet |
Bowen Ratio Eddy Covariance Energy Balance Information Latent Heat Flux Net Radiation Rainforest Seasonal Variation Sensible Heat Flux Energy Surface Tropical Forest Turbulent Flow Amazonia Brasil |
| description |
This work investigates the diurnal and seasonal behavior of the energy balance residual (E) that results from the observed difference between available energy and the turbulent fluxes of sensible heat (H) and latent heat (LE) at the FLUXNET BR-Ma2 site located in the Brazilian central Amazon rainforest. The behavior of E is analyzed by extending the eddy covariance averaging length from 30 min to 4 h and by applying an Information Flow Dynamical Process Network to diagnose processes and conditions affecting E across different seasons. Results show that the seasonal turbulent flux dynamics and the Bowen ratio are primarily driven by net radiation (Rn), with substantial sub-seasonal variability. The Bowen ratio increased from 0.25 in April to 0.4 at the end of September. Extension of the averaging length from 0.5 (94.6% closure) to 4 h and thus inclusion of longer timescale eddies and mesoscale processes closes the energy balance and lead to an increase in the Bowen ratio, thus highlighting the importance of additional H to E. Information flow analysis reveals that the components of the energy balance explain between 25 and 40% of the total Shannon entropy with higher values during the wet season than the dry season. Dry season information flow from the buoyancy flux to E are 30–50% larger than that from H, indicating the potential importance of buoyancy fluxes to closing E. While the low closure highlights additional sources not captured in the flux data and random measurement errors contributing to E, the findings of the information flow and averaging length analysis are consistent with the impact of mesoscale circulations, which tend to transport more H than LE, on the lack of closure. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. |
| format |
Artigo |
| author |
Gerken, Tobias |
| author2 |
Ruddell, Benjamin L. Fuentes, José D. Araüjo, Alessandro Carioca de Brunsell, Nathaniel A. Maia, Jair Max Furtunato Manzi, Antônio Ocimar Mercer, Juliane Rezende dos Santos, Rosa Maria Nascimento Von Randow, Celso Stoy, Paul C. |
| author2Str |
Ruddell, Benjamin L. Fuentes, José D. Araüjo, Alessandro Carioca de Brunsell, Nathaniel A. Maia, Jair Max Furtunato Manzi, Antônio Ocimar Mercer, Juliane Rezende dos Santos, Rosa Maria Nascimento Von Randow, Celso Stoy, Paul C. |
| title |
Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest |
| title_short |
Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest |
| title_full |
Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest |
| title_fullStr |
Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central Amazonian tropical rainforest |
| title_sort |
investigating the mechanisms responsible for the lack of surface energy balance closure in a central amazonian tropical rainforest |
| publisher |
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/16922 |
| _version_ |
1787143348096598016 |
| score |
11.675608 |