Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia
Questions: What processes shape the size-density distribution of tropical trees? Are these processes affected by topographic position? Location: Reserva Ducke, Central Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil. Methods: We identified tree mode of death in a 5-yr census interval (2003-2008) in 72 1-ha permanent plots...
| Autor principal: | Toledo, Jos? Julio |
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| Outros Autores: | Magnusson, William Ernest, Castilho, Carolina Volkmer |
| Grau: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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Journal of Vegetation Science
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/17851 |
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oai:repositorio:1-17851 |
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oai:repositorio:1-17851 Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia Toledo, Jos? Julio Magnusson, William Ernest Castilho, Carolina Volkmer Climate Change Disturbance Dominance Forest Dynamics Interspecific Competition Mortality Senescence Size Distribution Topographic Effect Tropical Forest Amazonas Amazonia Brasil Ducke Reserve Manaus Questions: What processes shape the size-density distribution of tropical trees? Are these processes affected by topographic position? Location: Reserva Ducke, Central Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil. Methods: We identified tree mode of death in a 5-yr census interval (2003-2008) in 72 1-ha permanent plots distributed over 64 km2, and calculated the proportion of standing and fallen modes of deaths across size classes and by topographic position. Lowess regression was used to identify the dominance of standing or fallen modes across tree sizes. We used this information to separate the size-density distribution of trees into two parts hypothetically shaped by different processes. We fitted several models and tested the metabolic theory's prediction that size-density distribution scales with stem diameter to the -2 power. Results: Most dead trees <22 cm DBH and ≥48 cm DBH died standing, while trees between 22 and 48 cm DBH uprooted or snapped. Mode of death varied among topographic positions. On plateaux, standing death predominated across all tree size classes, while on slopes standing death dominated for small trees (<14 cm DBH), while fallen deaths dominated for intermediate to large trees (14 ≤ DBH <46 cm). In valleys, fallen modes of death dominated across all size classes. Scaling and negative exponential functions with a quadratic term fitted better the size-density distribution of all trees. The scaling function fitted better the distribution of small to intermediate-sized trees while the negative exponential function and functions with a quadratic term showed the best fit to distribution of intermediate to large trees. Conclusions: Competition is the major source of mortality for small- to intermediate-sized trees, while exogenous disturbances and senescence predominate for intermediate to large trees. Modes of death, and presumed sources of mortality, change according to topographic position, but the shape of size-density distributions is not affected, demonstrating that unknown mechanisms with different processes not assumed in the metabolic theory can produce similar distributions for tropical trees. Understanding the mechanisms that determine tropical forest structure will allow us to predict forest dynamics under future climate change scenarios. © 2012 International Association for Vegetation Science. 2020-06-15T21:49:39Z 2020-06-15T21:49:39Z 2013 Artigo https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/17851 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01491.x en Volume 24, Número 4, Pags. 651-663 Restrito Journal of Vegetation Science |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Climate Change Disturbance Dominance Forest Dynamics Interspecific Competition Mortality Senescence Size Distribution Topographic Effect Tropical Forest Amazonas Amazonia Brasil Ducke Reserve Manaus |
| spellingShingle |
Climate Change Disturbance Dominance Forest Dynamics Interspecific Competition Mortality Senescence Size Distribution Topographic Effect Tropical Forest Amazonas Amazonia Brasil Ducke Reserve Manaus Toledo, Jos? Julio Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia |
| topic_facet |
Climate Change Disturbance Dominance Forest Dynamics Interspecific Competition Mortality Senescence Size Distribution Topographic Effect Tropical Forest Amazonas Amazonia Brasil Ducke Reserve Manaus |
| description |
Questions: What processes shape the size-density distribution of tropical trees? Are these processes affected by topographic position? Location: Reserva Ducke, Central Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil. Methods: We identified tree mode of death in a 5-yr census interval (2003-2008) in 72 1-ha permanent plots distributed over 64 km2, and calculated the proportion of standing and fallen modes of deaths across size classes and by topographic position. Lowess regression was used to identify the dominance of standing or fallen modes across tree sizes. We used this information to separate the size-density distribution of trees into two parts hypothetically shaped by different processes. We fitted several models and tested the metabolic theory's prediction that size-density distribution scales with stem diameter to the -2 power. Results: Most dead trees <22 cm DBH and ≥48 cm DBH died standing, while trees between 22 and 48 cm DBH uprooted or snapped. Mode of death varied among topographic positions. On plateaux, standing death predominated across all tree size classes, while on slopes standing death dominated for small trees (<14 cm DBH), while fallen deaths dominated for intermediate to large trees (14 ≤ DBH <46 cm). In valleys, fallen modes of death dominated across all size classes. Scaling and negative exponential functions with a quadratic term fitted better the size-density distribution of all trees. The scaling function fitted better the distribution of small to intermediate-sized trees while the negative exponential function and functions with a quadratic term showed the best fit to distribution of intermediate to large trees. Conclusions: Competition is the major source of mortality for small- to intermediate-sized trees, while exogenous disturbances and senescence predominate for intermediate to large trees. Modes of death, and presumed sources of mortality, change according to topographic position, but the shape of size-density distributions is not affected, demonstrating that unknown mechanisms with different processes not assumed in the metabolic theory can produce similar distributions for tropical trees. Understanding the mechanisms that determine tropical forest structure will allow us to predict forest dynamics under future climate change scenarios. © 2012 International Association for Vegetation Science. |
| format |
Artigo |
| author |
Toledo, Jos? Julio |
| author2 |
Magnusson, William Ernest Castilho, Carolina Volkmer |
| author2Str |
Magnusson, William Ernest Castilho, Carolina Volkmer |
| title |
Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia |
| title_short |
Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia |
| title_full |
Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia |
| title_fullStr |
Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: Evidence from tree mode of death in Central Amazonia |
| title_sort |
competition, exogenous disturbances and senescence shape tree size distribution in tropical forest: evidence from tree mode of death in central amazonia |
| publisher |
Journal of Vegetation Science |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/17851 |
| _version_ |
1787143559115177984 |
| score |
11.755432 |