Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil
Measurements of wood density of trees in Amazonian forests are necessary to reduce uncertainties in estimates of carbon stocks and of greenhouse-gas emissions from deforestation. Based on samples from 310 trees in 186 species or morpho-species collected near Manaus, Brazil, the present study finds t...
| Autor principal: | Nogueira, Euler Melo |
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| Outros Autores: | Nelson, Bruce Walker, Fearnside, Philip Martin |
| Grau: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
Forest Ecology and Management
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/18847 |
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oai:repositorio:1-18847 |
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oai:repositorio:1-18847 Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil Nogueira, Euler Melo Nelson, Bruce Walker Fearnside, Philip Martin Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Particulate Emissions Amazonian Forests Carbon Stocks Greenhouse-gas Emissions Morpho-species Wood Biomass Carbon Budget Carbon Sequestration Density Estimation Method Wood Quality Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Heart Wood Particulate Emissions Tapering Wood Wood Density Amazonia Brasil South America Western Hemisphere World Measurements of wood density of trees in Amazonian forests are necessary to reduce uncertainties in estimates of carbon stocks and of greenhouse-gas emissions from deforestation. Based on samples from 310 trees in 186 species or morpho-species collected near Manaus, Brazil, the present study finds that commonly used wood density estimates found in published lists by species need to be adjusted downward by 5.3%. Taking the average bole density from this study as a standard, wood density overestimations in three prior studies of the central Amazon were found to be 6%, 4% and 0%. Estimates of primary forest biomass and of gross emissions from biomass loss through deforestation will have to be reduced by similar percentages. Considering full disks with bark dried at 103°C, the mean basic density at breast height in the Central Amazon dense forest was 0.704 ± 0.117 (mean ± 1 standard deviation; n = 310; range, 0.27-0.96); at the top of the bole it was 0.647 ± 0.093 (n = 307; range, 0.26-0.87). The arithmetic mean of the basic density of the trunk - average of the density at breast height and at the top of the bole - was 0.675 ± 0.101 (n = 307; range, 0.27-0.91). The mean basic density of the bole, adjusted for tapering, and using four samples along the bole, was 0.670 ± 0.099 (n = 71; range, 0.38-0.86). The arithmetic mean of the basic density for the same trees was 0.675 ± 0.098 (range, 0.39-0.87). The basic density of central heartwood was 0.766 ± 0.158 (n = 149; range, 0.34-1.06). Significant differences exist between the various published estimates for Amazonian forest biomass and emissions, but we emphasize that revision of density values based on the present study will not reduce these discrepancies; instead, all estimates will shift in parallel to lower levels. Adjustments to biomass and emissions are sufficiently large to be significant for the global carbon balance. For example, an estimate of net committed emissions of 249 × 106 Mg CO2-equivalent C/year for Brazilian Amazonia in the 1990, of which 237 × 106 Mg CO 2-equivalent C/year was from net removal of biomass, would be reduced by 14 × 106 Mg CO2-equivalent C/year (5.7%: larger than the 5.3% adjustment to gross emissions because regrowth estimates remain unchanged). Decrease of similar proportions would apply throughout the tropics. For the 1980s, these downward adjustments total 113 × 106 Mg C/year for CO2 effects alone, or approximately 132 Mg CO 2-equivalent C/year including trace gases. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2020-06-15T22:03:25Z 2020-06-15T22:03:25Z 2005 Artigo https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/18847 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.007 en Volume 208, Número 1-3, Pags. 261-286 Restrito Forest Ecology and Management |
| institution |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - Repositório Institucional |
| collection |
INPA-RI |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Particulate Emissions Amazonian Forests Carbon Stocks Greenhouse-gas Emissions Morpho-species Wood Biomass Carbon Budget Carbon Sequestration Density Estimation Method Wood Quality Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Heart Wood Particulate Emissions Tapering Wood Wood Density Amazonia Brasil South America Western Hemisphere World |
| spellingShingle |
Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Particulate Emissions Amazonian Forests Carbon Stocks Greenhouse-gas Emissions Morpho-species Wood Biomass Carbon Budget Carbon Sequestration Density Estimation Method Wood Quality Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Heart Wood Particulate Emissions Tapering Wood Wood Density Amazonia Brasil South America Western Hemisphere World Nogueira, Euler Melo Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil |
| topic_facet |
Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Particulate Emissions Amazonian Forests Carbon Stocks Greenhouse-gas Emissions Morpho-species Wood Biomass Carbon Budget Carbon Sequestration Density Estimation Method Wood Quality Biomass Carbon Deforestation Forestry Greenhouse Effect Heart Wood Particulate Emissions Tapering Wood Wood Density Amazonia Brasil South America Western Hemisphere World |
| description |
Measurements of wood density of trees in Amazonian forests are necessary to reduce uncertainties in estimates of carbon stocks and of greenhouse-gas emissions from deforestation. Based on samples from 310 trees in 186 species or morpho-species collected near Manaus, Brazil, the present study finds that commonly used wood density estimates found in published lists by species need to be adjusted downward by 5.3%. Taking the average bole density from this study as a standard, wood density overestimations in three prior studies of the central Amazon were found to be 6%, 4% and 0%. Estimates of primary forest biomass and of gross emissions from biomass loss through deforestation will have to be reduced by similar percentages. Considering full disks with bark dried at 103°C, the mean basic density at breast height in the Central Amazon dense forest was 0.704 ± 0.117 (mean ± 1 standard deviation; n = 310; range, 0.27-0.96); at the top of the bole it was 0.647 ± 0.093 (n = 307; range, 0.26-0.87). The arithmetic mean of the basic density of the trunk - average of the density at breast height and at the top of the bole - was 0.675 ± 0.101 (n = 307; range, 0.27-0.91). The mean basic density of the bole, adjusted for tapering, and using four samples along the bole, was 0.670 ± 0.099 (n = 71; range, 0.38-0.86). The arithmetic mean of the basic density for the same trees was 0.675 ± 0.098 (range, 0.39-0.87). The basic density of central heartwood was 0.766 ± 0.158 (n = 149; range, 0.34-1.06). Significant differences exist between the various published estimates for Amazonian forest biomass and emissions, but we emphasize that revision of density values based on the present study will not reduce these discrepancies; instead, all estimates will shift in parallel to lower levels. Adjustments to biomass and emissions are sufficiently large to be significant for the global carbon balance. For example, an estimate of net committed emissions of 249 × 106 Mg CO2-equivalent C/year for Brazilian Amazonia in the 1990, of which 237 × 106 Mg CO 2-equivalent C/year was from net removal of biomass, would be reduced by 14 × 106 Mg CO2-equivalent C/year (5.7%: larger than the 5.3% adjustment to gross emissions because regrowth estimates remain unchanged). Decrease of similar proportions would apply throughout the tropics. For the 1980s, these downward adjustments total 113 × 106 Mg C/year for CO2 effects alone, or approximately 132 Mg CO 2-equivalent C/year including trace gases. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| format |
Artigo |
| author |
Nogueira, Euler Melo |
| author2 |
Nelson, Bruce Walker Fearnside, Philip Martin |
| author2Str |
Nelson, Bruce Walker Fearnside, Philip Martin |
| title |
Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil |
| title_short |
Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil |
| title_full |
Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil |
| title_fullStr |
Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Wood density in dense forest in central Amazonia, Brazil |
| title_sort |
wood density in dense forest in central amazonia, brazil |
| publisher |
Forest Ecology and Management |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| url |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/18847 |
| _version_ |
1787143940089053184 |
| score |
11.755432 |