Pseudanos winterbottomi n. sp. from the Orinoco drainage of Venezuela and the Tapajós drainage of Brazil resembles Pseudanos gracilis (Kner) in meristic and morphometric characters but differs from it in possession of a single midlateral stripe instead of a series of lateral spots, four branchiostegal rays instead of three, two pores on the sensory canal of the nasal instead of one, four pores on the sensory canal of the first infraorbital arranged in a square instead of three pores arranged in a line or shallow V, a dorsal process on the mesopterygoid that wraps around the posterior of the palatine (vs absence of such a process), the absence of a thin, posteriorly directed process on the ectopterygoid running ventral to the palatine (vs presence of such a process), a thick, blocklike palatine instead of a thinner, platelike palatine, and an almost completely closed metapterygoid/quadrate fenestra (vs an open fenestra). An updated key to the anostomine characiforms of the genera Anostomus, Gnathodolus, Pseudanos, Sartor, and Synaptolaemus is presented. © 2005 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.
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