O mercado de um produto florestal não madeireiro e o resíduo sólido gerado pela sua comercialização: o caso do tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.) nas feiras de Manaus
The tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.) is an Amazonian palm tree with traditional uses. The trade of its edible fruits is getting increasing economic importance on the markets in central Amazon. This study aimed to characterize the tucumã fruit trade at the markets of Manaus, the adding value by...
| Autor principal: | Didonet, Adriano Amir |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5082 http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4273237Z9 |
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The tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.) is an Amazonian palm tree with traditional uses. The trade of its edible fruits is getting increasing economic importance on the markets in central Amazon. This study aimed to characterize the tucumã fruit trade at the markets of Manaus, the adding value by offering the peeled pulp and the historic evolution of the prizes. Due to the low yield of pulp per fruit, a large quantity of organic residue is produced by the tucumã fruit trade. This study aimed as well a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of the monthly waste accumulation and its current final disposal. Data on fruit provenance, trading amount, waste production, and other relevant information were obtained by applying monthly a semi-structured questionnaire to salesmen in six fairs and markets in Manaus between May 2011 and April 2012. The yield of fruit pulp of the provenances that supply the Manaus market was assessed gravimetrically. The historical evolution of the ―real value‖ of tucumã between 1995 and 2012 was calculated based on previous reports. During the year of observation, 367.8 tons of tucumã fruits were traded at the markets of Manaus, with a monthly average of 30.7 (± 7.4) tons. The fruits came from 20 different municipalities located within a radius of up to one thousand kilometers from Manaus. The main provenances were the municipalities of Itacoatiara, Terra Santa, Rio Preto da Eva, Autazes and the Madeira River Basin. The alternation of the provenances guaranteed a continuous fruit supply to the Manaus market. However there was seasonality in fruit trade with a reduced volume and restricted number of provenances between September and October. The lowest trade volume was observed in October 2011, with 13.6 tons of fruits. The fruit arrived in Manaus in sacks of 41 (± 3) kg, priced at R$ 70.90 (± 31.35). After the selection of fruits for quality and size, the best however smallest were generally sold as a dozen (R$ 3.80 ± 1.15) and the remainders were peeled for the sale of the pulp (R$/kg 31.50 ± 6, 53). Today the tucumã fruit is one of the most expensive of the fair. The low yield of pulp per fruit, and its short shelf life are factors that contribute to the high cost of tucumã. Furthermore, the high stress manual process determines a 50% increase in the price per kg of pulp removed. Since 1995 the real value increases of 230% for the bag, a dozen of the 316% fruit and 253% of the pulp. Only 12% of the dry weight of the fruit was seized, the other parts were discarded. The pyrene (core) is 70% of this waste. It is composed of a core timber 61 %, and 39% of the oil seed. During the years of observation were produced a total of 286 t of waste with a monthly average of 22.5 (± 5.5). 53% of this amount was deposited in the fairs with easy access. The seasonality of supply caused a reduction only during the month of October, about 8 t in the amount of waste produced at the fairs. The study indicates that the market continues to expand and tucumã has higher demand than supply. Thus to ensure the expansion of fruit production with better quality, there is need for investment in more efficient technologies for storage and processing of the pulp, improving the infrastructure that makes possible the use of spontaneous populations and implement rational plantings. Finally, the monthly amount of the residue raised in this study and easy access point to the possibility of a differential advantage to gain economic, social and environmental production chain tucumã. |