Núcleos regenerativos para restauração ecológica em áreas de exploração petrolífera em Coari, Amazonas
Hydrocarbon exploration in the Amazon is an activity of high environmental impact, even when occurring in small areas. Disturbance magnitude, normally overcomes resilience in these areas, thus, depending on restoration activities. In Urucu River basin, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil (4° 30'S and 64° 30'W),...
| Autor principal: | Naman, Lívia |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5107 http://lattes.cnpq.br/6854740773901351 |
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Hydrocarbon exploration in the Amazon is an activity of high environmental impact, even when occurring in small areas. Disturbance magnitude, normally overcomes resilience in these areas, thus, depending on restoration activities. In Urucu River basin, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil (4° 30'S and 64° 30'W), the main technique for restoring degraded areas consists on planting mixed seedlings, however, an expensive activity that requires extensive infrastructure, mainly as an outcome of remote locations, such as these areas impacted by oil exploration in the Amazon. Also, planting seedlings does not provide suitable results, regarding ground cover, erosion control and canopy reconstruction in those highly impacted areas. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new techniques which use fewer external resources and also ecologically viable, aiming to restore areas with low cost and in a short time. In the present study, to support different types of propagules, we made regenerative nuclei using biodegradable materials. Compiling techniques of nucleation and soil bioengineering, the nucleis were made to operate as a biopool or source of life. Biopools provided protection to young plants against erosion and from invasive species competition, until it has been incorporated to the soil. The aim is to generate vegetation “islands” promoting an increase in the number of seedlings and also start the regeneration and succession in those areas impacted by oil exploration. We also evaluated biopools physical characteristics concerning promotion of water absorption, rooting permeability, control of invasive plants and decomposition. To investigate the efficiency on increasing the number of seedlings per m² it was designed a factorial experimental, used in a randomized block design. Five treatments tested the use of regenerative nuclei in combination with different seedlings types: raw or pelleted seeds and cuttings. Other three treatments were conducted to evaluate the effects of preparation the area with mowing and/or herbicide application. Tested in the laboratory biopools showed significant ability to absorb water, structures made from coconut fiber had their mass doubled after 24 hours of immersion. However, the study period was not enough to evaluate roots penetration through regenerative nuclei. Structures made from the coconut powder fiber and latex were effective in controlling grasses, where they were installed. Moreover, regenerative nuclei did not show significant decomposition of its structures at the end of six month of monitorament. Indeed, Piper aduncum cuttings showed high mortality in the field. For the species used as seeds: Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana, Cecropia pupurascens C.C. Berg ., Cecropia sciadophylla Mart . and Isertia hypoleuca Benth., only the last did not germinate in any of the treatments until the last observation. Species from seed rain were observed and also contributed to an increase in the number of seedlings in the studied areas. We did not find significant differences for species interactions used as seeds within the treatments. In addition, there was no effect of preparing the area in the percentage of colonization of invasive plants. However, there was an effect of area preparation type in the number of seedlings per m². We also did not find significant differences in the number of seedlings colonizing studied areas considering the nucleation treatments used, though the average number of seedlings increased significantly after installing the experiment. |