Sistema Agroflorestal como alternativa de uso da terra: um estudo de caso na unidade denonstrativa de permacultura (UDP), Manaus-Am.
The forests conversion into other land use systems in the Amazon, often results in large areas abandonment after the soil nutrients depletion. Natural regeneration has an important role to restore environmental quality, however, the choice for appropriate production systems and management techniq...
| Autor principal: | Scarazatti, Bruno |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5135 http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643706943501455 |
| Resumo: |
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The forests conversion into other land use systems in the Amazon, often results in large areas
abandonment after the soil nutrients depletion. Natural regeneration has an important role to
restore environmental quality, however, the choice for appropriate production systems and
management techniques models enables necessary conditions to assign a permanent
agricultural use in the deforested areas. In 1998, a multi-strata agroforestry system was
introducted over an intensive land use history site, as a demonstrative project, realized in
partnership between the Instituto de Permacultura da Amazônia (IPA), and the Instituto
Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM, 59 ° 56'00 .22 "W, 3 °
04'47 .94" S). This study aimed to analyze the possible environmental quality contributions,
provided by the agroforestry (AFS-10) interventions practices, in comparison to the natural
regeneration results observed in an adjacent secondary forest area with same age (SF-10), and
another secondary forest area with 55 years old (SF-55), located at the Centro de Projetos e
Estudos Ambientais do Amazonas - CEPEAM (59 ° 54'23 .65 "W, 3 ° 06'51 .68" S). The
treatments were compared by vegetation parameters (composition and structure), soil (macro
and micronutrients, and texture), litter (mass and nutrients) and macrofauna (density, biomass,
distribution and functional groups). The experiment delineation was completely randomized
design, with three plots of 40x40m in each system, divided into 10m sections. The soil, litter
and macrofauna samples were performed according to the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility
method (TSBF), from April beginning and June ending in 2008. The litter fisics analysis, and
soil and litter chemical analysis, followed, respectively, the recommendations described by
Sarruge & Haag (1974) and EMBRAPA (1997). The species, genera and families richness
was two times higher in the AFS-10 vegetation in relation to SF-10; the components
distribution was more uniform, and the tree diameter growth was three times higher. A
principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant differences to the systems’ nutrients
levels (p <0.001), where higher values of pH, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , P, Zn and Mn were associated to
the AFS-10 soil, while higher contents of K + and Al 3+ were related to SF-10 and SF-55 soil.
Significant differences (p <0.001) for litter mass and macronutrient content were also
confirmed (PCA) to the systems, associating the residual mass fraction and the levels of Ca 2 + ,
Mg 2+ , K + and P to AFS-10. The macrofauna groups density and richness were lower in the
AFS-10. The significant predominance (ACP, p <0.001) of decomposer macrofauna groups
ix(Isopoda, Diplopoda, Oligochaeta) was associated with AFS-10, while social groups (Isoptera
and Formicidae) stood out in the SF-10 and SF-55. The SF-55 land use history probably
favored a superior qualitatively return to the system and can justify the conservation use of
this area, while the contributions provided by the AFS-10 interventions, compared to the low
capacity for quality feedback from the SF -10 suggest advantage to this model for the
productive utilization of the area. |