Estabelecimento de um sistema em aleias de leguminosas arbóreas consorciadas com pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes Kunth.) em solo Latossolo amarelo da Amazônia Central
In the humid tropics, the construction and maintenance of soil fertility is a challenge of those dedicated to the implementation of sustainable agricultural systems. The alley cropping system has been demonstrated as an alternative to the family agriculture, by the sustainable management of these ac...
| Autor principal: | Meirelles, Augusto Cruz de |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5236 http://lattes.cnpq.br/4932436124110260 |
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In the humid tropics, the construction and maintenance of soil fertility is a challenge of those dedicated to the implementation of sustainable agricultural systems. The alley cropping system has been demonstrated as an alternative to the family agriculture, by the sustainable management of these acid soils of low natural fertility. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation and initial establishment of a plantation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) in alley cropping systems, intercropping leguminous trees in soil of “terra firme” in the Central Amazon, as well as information on the quantity and quality of biomass pruned alleys of legumes. The experiment was conducted in Oxisol, in agricultural properties of the Extension ZF-1, Vila Canaã locality, municipal district of Manaus, in the period from 10/05/2012 to 15/04/2013. Were produced seedlings of leguminous: ingá (Inga edulis), palheteira (Clitoria fairchildiana) and sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) which, after passing through a period of three months of nursery, were reared in alleys lines thickened 1m. The peach palm was established in lines at 28 weeks after planting of leguminous, spaced 2 x 2 m. We evaluated the height and diameter at soil level, coverage area, diameter, degree of coverage and survival of legumes before and after pruning. The biomass produced by legumes was quantified and then deposited between the lines of peach palm, a sample of leaf material was separated for chemical analysis of their nutritional content. To assess the effect of biomass on the growth of peach palm was monitored height, diameter at soil level, coverage area, diameter and degree of coverage of the plants. The sabiá showed rapid growth, survival and hardiness. The sabiá stood out among the species by producing the first pruning of 4,27 t ha-1 of aboveground biomass fresh, fractionated proportionally among branches and leaves with levels of 2,65 % N-leaf. The ingá produced 2,11 t ha-1 fresh weight of shoots with ¼ timber and ¾ leaf biomass with 3,40 % N concentration. The biomass pruned of sabiá and ingá allowed the input of more than 30 kg ha-1 of N. The planting of peach palm made eight months after the establishment of leguminous trees benefited from biomass deposited on the first pruning for greater plant height of peach palm16 weeks after its establishment, the system alleys compared with monoculture. The contribution of biomass pruned the tree legumes mitigated the adverse effects of acidity with increased levels of carbon and organic matter, compared to the initial state of the soil. |