Repetibilidade da produção de cachos, anomalias florais e germinação de pólen de híbridos interespecíficos entre o caiaué e o dendezeiro
The programs of genetic improvement of the oil palm have been exploring the interspecific hybridization with the American oil palm aiming to obtain varieties as productive as the oil palm, resistant to pests and diseases, especially to the But-rot, better oil quality and reduced rate of vertical gro...
| Autor principal: | Chia, Gilson Sánchez |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5239 http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4267163E5 |
| Resumo: |
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The programs of genetic improvement of the oil palm have been exploring the interspecific hybridization with the American oil palm aiming to obtain varieties as productive as the oil palm, resistant to pests and diseases, especially to the But-rot, better oil quality and reduced rate of vertical growth of the stem, characteristics presented by the American oil palm. The hybrids obtained to the moment, besides they have low productivity to the oil palm, they present problems related to floral anomalies and pollen viability. This work was carried out to estimate the repeatability coefficients for characters of production of bunches of the intrespecific hybrid, to discover the association between the type of oil palm genitor and the occurrence of floral anomalies and the viability of pollen of the hybrid. The repeatability coefficients were dear for the methods variance analysis (ANOVA), principal components based on the covariance (CPCV) and the correlation (CPR) matrices and by the structural analysis based on the correlation matrix (AER). To study of the association between the type of oil palm parental and the occurrence of floral anomalies were analyzed 11 American oil palm crossings with oil palm type Dura (OxD), 15 of American oil palm with oil palm type Tenera (OxT) and 12 of American oil palm with oil palm type Pisífera (OxP). The emission of masculine inflorescence was evaluated during twelve months and the frequency of inflorescence gynandromorphes compared by the t test. The pollen viability was analyzed using the completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and five repetitions, being each repetition represented by one inflorescence and each inflorescence were used of five different plants. The treatments were constituted by oil palm, American oil palm, hybrid of the American oil palm crossing with oil palm Dura pollen, American oil palm with oil palm Pisífera and American oil palm with oil palm Tenera, in the last of hybrid s plants type Dura and Tenera. The method of CPCV demonstrated to be the most appropriate for the study of the repeatability of the production of bunches of the hybrid, indicating that four consecutive years of evaluation are enough to select progenies, represented by 10 plants, with determination coefficients (R2) superior to 85% and that for individual selection of plants are necessary at least six consecutive years of evaluation to reach R2 superior to 80%. The medium occurrence of inflorescences gynandromorphes was of 4,83% in the crossings OxD, 8,59% in OxT and 60,42% in OxP. The average occurrence of inflorescences gynandromorphes in the crossings OxP was superior statistically to the crosses OxD and OxT, which not differences among them. The results demonstrate that the inflorescences gynandromorphes is direct or indirectly associated to the gene Písifera led by the oil palm genitor. It was also verified that the occurrence of inflorescences gynandromorphes is not a reversible phenomenon and that happens during every month of the year. The viability of the pollen of the hybrid varied of 54,8% in the hybrid type Tenera coming from of crossings OxT to 58,29% in the hybrid type Dura coming from the crossings OxD. The viability of oil palm s pollen did not differ statistically of the American oil palm pollen, but it was superior statistically the viability of pollen of all hybrids. The viability of pollen of the hybrids did not differ among themselves or of the American oil palm pollen. The germination rates observed indicated that the pollen germination is not restrictive factor for the cultivation of hybrids. |