Variabilidade genética de abóboras na região metropolitana de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas
The pumpkins belong to the genus Cucurbita and are vegetables that present wide genetic variability and versatility of use in human food due to its medicinal properties and nutritional composition, being highlighted the carotenoids (precursors of vitamins A), the presence of vitamin C and mineral...
| Autor principal: | Silva, Pedro Chaves da |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/5293 http://lattes.cnpq.br/8811633220921769 |
| Resumo: |
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The pumpkins belong to the genus Cucurbita and are vegetables that present wide genetic
variability and versatility of use in human food due to its medicinal properties and nutritional
composition, being highlighted the carotenoids (precursors of vitamins A), the presence of
vitamin C and mineral salts. They are cultivated by family farmers in lowland and dry land
areas in riparian communities in the State of Amazonas. They are among the main species of
economic interest in the Amazon region. However, in the selection of fruits for
commercialization, many are left in the rural properties, fairs and marketing centers for not
meeting the characteristics demanded by the consumers that aim at greater practicality and
quality of the fruits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of
populations of pumpkins cultivated in the metropolitan region of Manaus using phenological
and agronomic descriptors. Thirteen populations of pumpkins cultivated in the metropolitan
region of Manaus were evaluated and maintained in the germplasm collection of the National
Research Institute of the Amazon (INPA). The experiments were carried out simultaneously
at Experimental Vegetable Stations (EEH INPA), located at Km 14 of the state highway AM
010, in the Red-Yellow Argisol soil and in the Experimental Farm of the Federal University
of Amazonas - UFAM (Fazenda UFAM) , Located at Km 38 of federal highway BR 174, in
Latossolo Amarelo, municipality of Manaus-AM. Of the 13 populations evaluated, nine were
identified as milk squash (Cucurbita moschata) and four populations such as cabocla squash
(C. maxima). In the phenological evaluations of the POPs it was observed that the
germination of the seeds occurred between three and four days, with greater percentage (95%)
in three days. The flowering, fruiting and maturation phases of the fruits in the EEH INPA
occurred at 32, 43 and 82 days after transplanting between the earliest and 43, 54 and 93 days
among the later ones, respectively. In the area of the Fazenda UFAM, the flowering, fruiting
and maturation phases of the fruit occurred at 23, 34 and 71 days after transplanting between
the earliest and 31, 45 and 84 days among the later ones. The quantitative data were submitted
to analysis of variance and tests of means. Significant contrasts were detected at a 5%
probability level by the Tukey test. In the area of EEH INPA, the POPs of Iranduba (13.17 t
ha-1) and Silves (11.69 t ha-1) were the ones that had higher productivity. At the Fazenda
UFAM, the POPs of Iranduba (21.72 t ha-1) and Presidente Figueiredo (19.22 t ha-1) were the
ones that had the highest productivity. As for fruit mass and pulp thickness, POPs from
Iranduba, Presidente Figueiredo, Rio Preto da Eva, Silves and Manaus obtained the highest
results among the 13 POPs evaluated. At EEH INPA and Fazenda UFAM, heritability was
higher than 80% for fruit mass (89.62% and 83.80%), fruit length (88.74% and 86.43%),
diameter of the fruit (90.72% and 90.12%) and internal fruit cavity width (87.50% and
87.45%), respectively. By means of the grouping using the generalized distances of
Mahalanobis (D2), through the Medium Link Between Groups method (UPGMA) it can be
inferred that there is genetic divergence among the 13 populations evaluated in the two
experimental areas. This finding can be observed by the formation of four (EEH INPA) and
five (Fazenda da UFAM) distinct groups. The phenotypic variability detected in the
populations (POPs) allows the selection of several genetic materials, which can be
immediately used in breeding programs for pumpkins in the state of Amazonas. |