This research considers the measurement of efficiency in the context of higher education in particular, the efficiency resulting from the Data Development Analysis (DEA) is addressed. For the development of this study it was defined as a general objective to measure the efficiency of 56 Brazilian universities and 31 Colombian universities, the specific objectives defined were: identify the necessary adjustments between inputs and outputs to place inefficient universities on the efficiency frontier, describe the systems of evaluation of higher education in Brazil and Colombia, analyze some advances in higher education and its relation to regional development and finally describe common aspects related to the inefficiency of higher education in Brazil and Colombia. In the Brazilian case, the data were obtained through the Court of Accounts of the Union (TCU) and the National Institute of Education and Research (INEP). For the Colombian case, the main sources of data were the Ministry of National Equation (MEN), the National Department of Statistics (DANE) and the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (COLCIENCIAS). For methodological reasons, the total number of universities in each country was divided into two groups, those with a greater dedication to teaching and another group more dedicated to research. The results indicated that the main causes of inefficiency for both Brazil and Colombia are related to the inefficient use of the teaching staff, financial resources and low research results, the latter being the most evident factor among Colombian universities.
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