This work aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two most used raw
materials for biodiesel production in Brazil, soybean oil and bovine tallow, from a technical,
economic and environmental point of view. A bibliographical research was conducted on the
PNPB history, as well as soy and sebum production chain. The features and physicalchemical properties of the raw materials and their biodiesel products were compared, proving
that the most technically beneficial source is soybean. From the economic point of view, it
was compared the production costs of the two biodiesel fuels found in literature and the level
of employability of the plants using these two raw materials were compared. The results
showed that the cost of production of bovine tallow biodiesel (R$ 1.16) is lower than that of
soybeans and that the plants that produce from this raw material employ more people.. From
the environmental point of view, the emissions of toxic compounds of the two types of
biodiesel were compared, whose results showed that bovine tallow biodiesel emissions of
pollutant gases in greater quantity, thus proving that bovine tallow biodiesel is economically
and environmentally more advantageous than soybean biodiesel. In spite of this, it can be
noticed that the soybean, due to the great technological development and abundance, will still
be the most used in the Brazilian biodiesel market for some time.
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