Facing of the need to improve the production of annual crops in regions undergo through water adversities, the use of hydrogels appears as water conditioner in the soil, acting as a water reserve for the plant, and making it available in times of water stress, on the first chapter. Thus, the study was divided in three chapters. In chapter one efficiency of hydrogel utilization on the retention and availability of water for the development and production of the Caupi bean culture when submitted to water stress was evaluated, thereby 4 polymers and 5 concentrations in cowpea, under greenhouse conditions were evalvated. The second and third chapters were conducted on the field, evaluating 2 polymers and five concentrations for 2015/2016 cowpea and soybean crops. It is concluded that the use of polymers was shown, for the evaluated conditions as an alternative potential to reduce productivity losses resulting from the action of water stress.
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