The present study aims to comprehend how the concept of resistence, regarding the process of teaching mathematics, is manifested in the voice of the teachers who teach in the first years of elementary school at the teaching context. In order to develop this study, a literature review on mathematics education, teaching and the concept of resistence associated with the Historical-Cultural approach and the Activity Theory principles, conceptions supported mainly in the ideas of Vigotski and Leontiev. The methodology was guided by the qualitative approach, specifically a case study, in which the data that compose this investigation was collected through literature review, documentary research, observations, field diaries and audio interviews. The investigation was carried out in three public schools, from the State of Tocantins, in the city of Palmas, these schools offer the 4th and 5th grade of elementary school. The participants were the teachers of the classes chosen. The analysis has shown that the process of teaching and learning is a conscious activity and a solely human one. In this context, the activity becomes a historical and cultural construction. It was observed that, with regard to the concept of resistence, it is an evident element at schools, which manifest itself in the aptitudes and contradictions of their teachers, categorizing schools as spaces that can both work to reproduce the interests of the ruling class and to enable the emancipation and the social transformation of individuals.
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