Climate change is the most complex environmental challenge faced by nations nowadays. As a
global phenomenon, it has become one of the imperatives that define the course of world
development. Through an analytical reflection focused on theoretical aspects of a critical nature,
this research seeks to contribute to the current interdisciplinary debate on climate change, the
objective is to elucidate analytical categories from political economy to understand the
phenomenon in its ecological, political and social nature, with an emphasis on the dimension
of justice within the international climate change regime. For such, a qualitative methodology
is used, with emphasis on bibliographic review and discourse analysis. The analysis starts from
Karl Polanyi's seminal works in search of foundations that contribute to an understanding of
the general nature of the environmental crisis; then, through a systematic literature review, is
sought to understand how climate change intersects with political economy and how the
dimension of justice; following the analysis, it turns to the structure of the international climate
change regime, seeking to understand how justice is discursive in the context of climate
negotiations. The main results show that even though the implications of justice on climate
change are well understood by those who make up the international climate regime, solutions
to significantly address climate injustices are still not feasible. All theoretical reflection
undertaken points out that the ecological vision of political economy is the path most aligned
with the ideal justice desired in the face of the climate problem, since it addresses the origin of
the problem and its underlying consequences.
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