Presently, scientific evidence from the current scenario in Brazil and worldwide indicates a
rising number of diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with certain studies even
characterizing autism as a potential "epidemic." In light of these considerations, this thesis seeks
to identify issues related to existing socioeconomic disparities concerning access to treatment
options by families of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Brazil and how
these discrepancies impact the development of individuals with autism within low-income fam-
ilies. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of international literature was conducted,
focusing on articles central to public policies and autism. Additionally, field research covered
all Brazilian states, involving the administration of 750 questionnaires to ASD families. The
results affirmed the surge in ASD cases, signifying an impact on the public budget, service
provision, and the necessity for professional training. Furthermore, they highlighted substantial
socioeconomic differences regarding access to autism treatment in Brazil among low-income
families. These disparities, on one hand, favor families with a higher level of education and
greater socioeconomic stability. On the other hand, they disadvantage low-income families with
lower levels of education, illustrating a tableau of social inequality and the imperative for in-
clusion policies. Nevertheless, unfavorable situations for both social classes were identified,
underscoring that ASD constitutes a social and public health issue. Beyond income considera-
tions, addressing this requires strategic public policies that encompass the entirety of Brazilian
society.
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