This thesis aimed to investigate whether the material conditions of schools located in central areas differ from those located in peripheral areas, in order to understand if such conditions impact student learning. The research was characterized as exploratory and qualitative in nature. To this end, the study selected two schools from the state of Tocantins, one located in Palmas (the capital) and the other in Miracema do Tocantins, both with the highest IDEB score in 2023. This investigation was divided into three stages: the first was a bibliographic and documentary research, which allowed for a deeper understanding of the subject and knowledge of the laws and documents that govern the researched institutions; the second was an analysis of the material conditions of the selected schools for this research, using the technique of observation and descriptive analysis; and the third was an analysis of the data obtained, guided by the historical and dialectical materialist method. Thus, by analyzing the access to education of subjects in their different social contexts and understanding school education as a synthesis of multiple determinations, it was possible to apprehend the differences in the infrastructural conditions of the schools, one central and the other peripheral, and how this impacts the academic performance of the students, reflected in the difference in IDEB results.
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