This work aimed to analyze scientific productions related to sex education in Brazilian
schools, seeking to highlight the importance of addressing this theme in the school
environment. The research used a bibliographic and documentary methodology, with analysis
of 19 academic productions selected in the CAPES Thesis Bank. The results indicate that,
despite its recognized relevance, sex education faces cultural, political and institutional
barriers, hindering its systematic implementation. Challenges such as prejudice, lack of
teacher preparation and resistance from sectors of society were identified, as well as
significant benefits for the emotional, social and cognitive development of children and
adolescents. This study highlights the need for more robust public policies, initial and
continuing teacher training, and an interdisciplinary approach to overcome obstacles and
consolidate sex education as an integral part of the Brazilian school curriculum.
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