The creation of protected areas can be considered an effective strategy to protect biodiversity
and its natural resources, since it establishes the control of territories, defining boundaries and
specifying dynamics in their use and occupation. The State of Pará has made great progress in
the creation of Conservation Units, currently having 25 units. Regarding the creation of these
units in many times, especially when the mode of integral protection, reflects an antagonism
between the logic of traditional communities and the preservationist and conservationist
perspectives, causing conflicts of various natures, among them, the non-recognition of practices
and customs. of local populations. The creation of the Paytuna Environmental Protection Area
in the municipality of Monte Alegre is a reflection of the state of Pará's progress in the use of
this natural resource protection strategy. In this sense, the objective was to investigate the
effects of the creation of the unit in question on socioeconomic development, taking as
reference four communities: Ererê, Maxirá, Maxirazinho and Nazaré. In order to do so, field
data collection and documentary research were carried out from a quantitative and qualitative
approach, using techniques such as the application of questionnaires to obtain the Living
Condition Index - LCI in the communities studied, and analysis of documents. The
documentary research allowed the elaboration of descriptive texts about the pertinent
information to the accomplishment of the research objectives. The data collected in the field
were interpreted by descriptive statistics, using the Excel for Windows program. The results
indicate that the process of creation / implementation of APA Paytuna presented flaws that
hinder the management of the PA. The most popular public policies in the APA correspond to
cash transfer programs such as “Bolsa Familia” and “Seguro Defeso”, and actions from
environmental policies aimed at improving the quality of life of local populations are incipient
and reduced. Regarding the living conditions index of the communities, despite some
deprivations regarding the factors and characteristics of development, the results were
satisfactory. Thus, it was concluded that the creation of APA Paytuna has made a relative
contribution to the socioeconomic development of the studied communities, making evident
the need to elaborate and implement more effective environmental public policies, which
consider local populations as an integral part of the whole process of construction.
|
