From Historical experience has shown that greater reductions in poverty occurred in countries
experiencing long periods of sustained economic growth, reinforcing the idea that it would be
good for the poor; even better if growth is accompanied by progressive distributional change.
In this sense, the pro-poor growth theory has received 'new' attention, noting that increases in
income levels alleviate poverty, although economic growth may be more or less effective in
doing so, depending on the conditions of each locality, In this way, some countries, especially
LDCs that are 'trapped' by structural difficulties, present a situation that has been defined as a
'poverty trap', defined as a self-reinforcing mechanism based on the existence of vicious
cycles, leading to persistent incidence poverty and low rates of sustained growth between
generations. In addition, the thesis on the causal relationship between the condition of poverty
and environmental degradation was disseminated, where greater pressure on the natural
resource base would lead to a reinforcement of the poverty trap. In this context, the Legal
Amazon has reproduced a peculiar conjuncture, because in this region, the population of the
states maintains very high levels of poverty and low quality of life, characterized by a
temporal stability, which does not reflect the various transformations that the economy has
been going through of the region over the last decades. There is growth from the exploitation
of the abundance of its natural resources, in the midst of chronic poverty and the absence of
various attempts by the State to promote the development of the region. Thus, analyzing the
period from 1992 to 2014, based on PNAD data, a dynamic regression model for poverty was
applied; models of bivariate causalities. The results suggested that inequality has minimized
the effectiveness of economic growth in reducing poverty, thus provoking growth
characterized as not pro-poor; in addition, the persistence of the poverty condition was
evidenced given the auto-regressive behavior, and it may consider the existence of a kind of
trap. In addition, bi-directional causality of poverty in relation to growth, inequality and
deforestation was verified, as well as the latter towards growth and inequality, as well as the
unidirectional causality of inequality to growth. Thus, the dynamics examined reveal that the
positive variation of growth would be associated with the expansion of deforestation in the
previous period, generating income growth in the present and, in turn, reducing poverty and
inequality, further expanding deforestation in the later period, the level of poverty and income
inequality caused by the increase in income, signaling a kind of extended vicious cycle in
which the expansion of deforestation in the past periods, provoke a rise in the level of income
and a reduction of poverty and inequality in the present , and these, in turn, provoke
'temporary stagnation of deforestation for a period, all of which will expand in the later
period, further increasing the level of deforestation, in the form of reinforcing the poverty
trap.
|
