The Fabaceae family is widely distributed which Hymenaea courbaril is one of the most
important species. Because of its multiple use, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological
potential, it is crucial to investigate its chemical constitution and bioactive compounds. In this
study, we aimed to perform the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity
of the sap and ethanolic extract of H. courbaril wood residues. The forest residues and sap
were obtained from the Fortimber forestry company, near the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil.
To obtain the extract, the sawdust was dried in an oven at 40°C for 96 hours, for subsequent
extraction of secondary metabolites with the solvent ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. The
following techniques were performed to complete phytochemical analysis: Thin Layer
Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), High
Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a photo-diode array detector (HPLC-PDA),
High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-ESI MS/MS), using the molecular interaction networks approach or molecular networking through
the GNPS (Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking) platform. One and two
dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance technique, (1H, 13C, HMBC, HSQC) was used for
the identification of the isolated substances. The antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP),
quantification of total flavonoids, phenolic compounds contents were done by
spectrophotometric methods. The antimicrobial activity of both extract and sap of H.
courbaril were performed against microorganisms of clinical interest by the minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) technique. The ethanolic extract has a higher antioxidant
potential and has the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids when compared
to the sap. The predominant compound class in both the extract and the sap are flavonoids,
which enabled identification of 16 substances including taxifolin derivatives through spectral
correspondence with experimental data from GNPS. Through analysis of the 1D and 2D
NMR spectra it was possible to identify the substances fustin, taxifolin, 3-methoxy-quercetin
and quercetin. The ethanolic extract stood out in relation to the sap by showing greater
antimicrobial activity in vitro. The substance taxifolin, isolated by NMR, had less biological
potential when compared to the results obtained from the ethanolic extract. From these data, it
is possible to contribute to the safe use of H. courbaril, by traditional populations in the
Amazon, for the preparation of herbal medicines and formulations.
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