The genus Dipteryx harbors species known as cumaruzeiros, belonging to the
Fabaceae family and originating in Central and South American countries. Among
the species of this genus, Dipteryx odorata stands out historically in the Amazon, for
the supply and commercialization of multiple products such as wood and seeds, used
for the extraction of coumarin, the main active compound. The species Dipteryx
punctata also has a wide distribution in the North region of Brazil, however, it lacks
studies that detail its phytochemical composition and biological activities. In this
sense, this work aimed to evaluate the chemical profile and the antioxidant and
antifungal activities of ethanolic extracts of D. punctata. A systematic review was
carried out on the genus Dipteryx using SciELO and the Brazilian Digital Library of
Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) as databases. For chemical and biological
evaluations, plant material was collected in five areas producing cumaru seeds, in
Mojuí dos Campos, Pará. The extracts were obtained via Soxhlet, using 92.8%
distilled ethanol as solvent, with a total duration of eight hours, calculating the final
yield. Chemical analyzes of the extracts were performed by Thin Layer
Chromatography (TLC), Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), and determination of phenolics and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity was
performed by scavenging DPPH free radicals. The antifungal activity of the extracts
was evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the in vitro assay, the extracts
and the coumarin standard were tested at concentrations: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and
50% (p: v), added in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium, over the fungus
Colletotrichum musae, the causal agent of anthracnose disease in bananas. The
control consisted of fungal growth only in PDA medium. The experimental design
was completely randomized (DCR), in a factorial scheme, with four replications. The
evaluations were carried out by measuring the average diameter of the colonies,
daily, for eight days. With the data from the colonies, the percentage of inhibition of
growth (PIG), mycelial growth velocity index (MGVI) and the growth rate (Gr) were
determined. In the in vivo assay, the extracts and coumarin were tested at
concentrations of 40% and 50%, in preventive and curative applications. The
experimental design was completely randomized (DCR), in a factorial scheme, with
three replications. The evaluations were carried out by measuring the mean diameter of the lesions at intervals of two days, up to eight days after inoculation. The data
obtained in the antifungal assays were submitted to analysis of variance and
compared by the Tukey test (p≤0.05), using the statistical software SISVAR 5.6.
Studies on the genus Dipteryx are more restricted to the species Dipteryx alata and
Dipteryx odorata. The highest yields of extracts were obtained for residues and fruit
seeds. The extracts from leaves, branches, residues and seeds presented the
classes of terpenes, condensed and hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids and coumarin,
as well as potential antioxidant action. The extracts from the branches and residues
of the fruits of D. punctata and the coumarin pattern, caused the greatest inhibitions
in the growth of the phytopathogen in vitro and in vivo, all extracts were effective,
with emphasis on coumarin and for the preventive applications of concentrations
tested. The results obtained for the extracts are promising and sources of
investigation for the future development of natural products aimed at controlling
anthracnose in a more sustainable way.
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