O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923)
In the history of psychology, it is generally accepted that behaviorism as an approach to psychology began with the 1913 publication of John B. Watson’s article “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” in Psychological Review. 2013 marked the 100-year anniversary of its publication. The article,...
| Autor principal: | SILVA, Eliza Galo |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
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Universidade Federal do Pará
2019
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http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10721 |
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ir-2011-107212019-05-02T19:31:26Z O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) The impact of Watson´s Behaviorist Manifesto in American psychology: a bibliometric analysis (1903-1923) SILVA, Eliza Galo CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463 ARAUJO, Saulo de Freitas http://lattes.cnpq.br/3032433208056386 Behaviorismo - Psicologia Psicologia John B. Watson Manifesto Behaviorista Psicologia estadunidense História da psicologia CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DO COMPORTAMENTO: BASES EXPERIMENTAIS E HISTÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL In the history of psychology, it is generally accepted that behaviorism as an approach to psychology began with the 1913 publication of John B. Watson’s article “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” in Psychological Review. 2013 marked the 100-year anniversary of its publication. The article, sometimes referred to as “The Behaviorist Manifesto”, is often acknowledged in history and introductory textbooks to psychology as an important vehicle for ideas that would quickly and substantially change the academic landscape of psychology, especially in the United States. However, Watson´s original work and its respective impact have not yet been investigated extensively and systematically. The literature indicates that Watson’s proposal to dispense with introspective methods and the study of consciousness was not accepted broadly and immediately, instead encountering criticism and opposition from others in the field. In addition, the originality of his proposal was questioned, suggesting that those ideas were already present in scientific debate at the time but were not widespread. This article intends to analyze the impact of Watson’s 1913 article in two major journals of the era, Psychological Review and Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods between 1903 and 1923. Keywords related to Behaviorism and Structuralism were recorded, as well as quotes attributable to Watson and his work. Data were analyzed considering the period before and after the Manifesto´s publication. The frequency of the term ‘behavior’ increased by 50% after 1913, ‘consciousness’ decreased 23%. Other terms were also cited more frequently after 1913 such as ‘introspect’ (10%), ‘mind’ (4%), ‘control’ (20%), ‘habit’ (17%), ‘instinct’ (6%) and ‘prediction’ (5%). These data shows that the term ‘behavior’ and others related with objective psychology appeared more frequently after the Manifesto´s publication and terms related to Structuralism also remained frequent. Additional data suggest that other works by Watson, specifically his books published in 1914 (Behavior: An introduction) and 1919 (Standpoint), were cited more frequently than the Manifesto, suggesting that these works were also important disseminators of Watson´s Behaviorism. CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Na historiografia da psicologia, considera-se normalmente que o behaviorismo, enquanto escola psicológica teve seu marco oficial com o artigo de John B. Watson “A psicologia como o behaviorista a vê”, publicado em 1913 na revista Psychological Review. Em 2013, completaram-se 100 anos desde sua publicação. Tal artigo, chamado algumas vezes de “Manifesto Behaviorista”, é amplamente reconhecido pelos manuais de história e introdução a psicologia como um importante veículo de ideias que teriam mudado de maneira rápida e substancial o cenário da psicologia acadêmica, especialmente nos Estados Unidos da América. Contudo, a obra original de Watson e seu respectivo impacto ainda não foram investigadas de maneira ampla e sistemática. Parte da literatura histórica sugere que a proposta de Watson sobre dispensar o uso do método introspectivo e o estudo da consciência não foi aceita de maneira ampla e imediata, deparando-se com críticas e oposições. Além disso, a originalidade de sua proposta foi questionada, sugerindo-se que aquelas ideias já estavam presentes no contexto científico da época, ainda que não amplamente difundidas. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar bibliometricamente qual foi o impacto do artigo de 1913 em dois dos principais periódicos daquela época, Psychological Review e Journal of Philosophy Psychology & Scientific Methods, durante o período de 1903 a 1923. Palavras-chave relacionadas ao behaviorismo e estruturalismo foram contabilizadas, assim como as citações a Watson e a sua obra. Os dados foram analisados considerando-se o período anterior e posterior à publicação do Manifesto. A frequência do termo ‘behavior’ nos artigos aumentou 50% após 1913, ‘consciousness’ diminuiu 23%. Outros termos também foram mais citados após 1913, como ‘introspect’ (10%), ‘mind’ (4%), ‘control’ (20%), ‘habit’ (17%), ‘instinct’ (6%) e ‘prediction’ (5%). Esses dados mostraram que o termo ‘behavior’ e outros relacionados com uma psicologia objetiva apareceram com mais frequência a partir da publicação do Manifesto e que os termos relacionados ao estruturalismo também se mantiveram frequentes. Dados adicionais mostraram que outras obras de Watson, especificamente os livros publicados em 1914 (Behavior: An introduction) e 1919 (Standpoint), foram citadas mais frequentemente que o Manifesto, sugerindo que essas obras também foram importantes condutores do behaviorismo watsoniano. 2019-03-01T12:53:22Z 2019-03-01T12:53:22Z 2015-03-16 Dissertação SILVA, Eliza Galo. O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923). 2015. 31 f. Orientador: Marcus Bentes de Carvalho Neto. Dissertação (Mestrado em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento) - Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 2015. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10721. Acesso em:. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10721 por Acesso Aberto application/pdf Universidade Federal do Pará Brasil Núcleo de Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento UFPA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento 1 CD-ROM |
| institution |
Repositório Institucional - Universidade Federal do Pará |
| collection |
RI-UFPA |
| language |
por |
| topic |
Behaviorismo - Psicologia Psicologia John B. Watson Manifesto Behaviorista Psicologia estadunidense História da psicologia CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DO COMPORTAMENTO: BASES EXPERIMENTAIS E HISTÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL |
| spellingShingle |
Behaviorismo - Psicologia Psicologia John B. Watson Manifesto Behaviorista Psicologia estadunidense História da psicologia CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DO COMPORTAMENTO: BASES EXPERIMENTAIS E HISTÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL SILVA, Eliza Galo O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| topic_facet |
Behaviorismo - Psicologia Psicologia John B. Watson Manifesto Behaviorista Psicologia estadunidense História da psicologia CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DO COMPORTAMENTO: BASES EXPERIMENTAIS E HISTÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL |
| description |
In the history of psychology, it is generally accepted that behaviorism as an approach to
psychology began with the 1913 publication of John B. Watson’s article “Psychology as
the Behaviorist Views It” in Psychological Review. 2013 marked the 100-year
anniversary of its publication. The article, sometimes referred to as “The Behaviorist
Manifesto”, is often acknowledged in history and introductory textbooks to psychology
as an important vehicle for ideas that would quickly and substantially change the
academic landscape of psychology, especially in the United States. However, Watson´s
original work and its respective impact have not yet been investigated extensively and
systematically. The literature indicates that Watson’s proposal to dispense with
introspective methods and the study of consciousness was not accepted broadly and
immediately, instead encountering criticism and opposition from others in the field. In
addition, the originality of his proposal was questioned, suggesting that those ideas were
already present in scientific debate at the time but were not widespread. This article
intends to analyze the impact of Watson’s 1913 article in two major journals of the era,
Psychological Review and Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods
between 1903 and 1923. Keywords related to Behaviorism and Structuralism were
recorded, as well as quotes attributable to Watson and his work. Data were analyzed
considering the period before and after the Manifesto´s publication. The frequency of
the term ‘behavior’ increased by 50% after 1913, ‘consciousness’ decreased 23%. Other
terms were also cited more frequently after 1913 such as ‘introspect’ (10%), ‘mind’
(4%), ‘control’ (20%), ‘habit’ (17%), ‘instinct’ (6%) and ‘prediction’ (5%). These data
shows that the term ‘behavior’ and others related with objective psychology appeared
more frequently after the Manifesto´s publication and terms related to Structuralism also
remained frequent. Additional data suggest that other works by Watson, specifically his
books published in 1914 (Behavior: An introduction) and 1919 (Standpoint), were cited
more frequently than the Manifesto, suggesting that these works were also important
disseminators of Watson´s Behaviorism. |
| author_additional |
CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de |
| author_additionalStr |
CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de |
| format |
Dissertação |
| author |
SILVA, Eliza Galo |
| title |
O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| title_short |
O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| title_full |
O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| title_fullStr |
O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| title_sort |
o impacto do manifesto behaviorista de watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923) |
| publisher |
Universidade Federal do Pará |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| url |
http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/10721 |
| _version_ |
1832604115501318144 |
| score |
11.755432 |