Amazon contains the largest continuous mangrove coast of the planet. The mangrove ecosystem supports many forms of life and recycles mineral nutrients, of fauna and flora that has been exported to adjacent systems. The aim of this research is to compare the relationships between social actors and institutions for the use of the mangrove ecosystem in the municipalities of Curuçá and São Caetano de Odivelas, Pará State. The focus was to compare two management systems in Pará mangrove, one inside a extractive reserve (Mother of extractive reserve Curuçá) and the other outside. The research method used was multiple case study, which include exploratory visits, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, documents and data analysis. The results obtained revealed that traditional communities in the municipalities of São Caetano de Odivelas and Curuçá have their livelihoods threatened due to large enterprises plan for the region and the regular natural resource uses of the mangrove without management. The RESEX Mãe Grande of Curuçá does not meet completely its purposes to promote the conservation of common resources. Nevertheless, the articulation between social actors and institutions in Curuçá approaches socio-environmental perspective to create conditions for the implementation of public policies that influence the conservation of mangroves. São Caetano de Odivelas was excluded from relevant social and public policy that affects the conservation of mangroves. For this reason, 87% of the leaders interviewed in Curuçá recognize that the creation of a Conservation Unit studied has brought benefits to that municipality. 87% of the leaders interviewed in São Caetano de Odivelas are favorable to the establishment of Extractive Reserve. Despite this, on average, 57 percent of the community does not know how important is the creation of a Conservation Unit.From the results obtained, we could concluded that social actors and institutions in these municipalities need more articulation in the conservation of the ecosystem in a social and environmental perspective. Nevertheless, the articulation between social actors and institutions in Curuçá creates conditions for the implementation of public policies that could affect the conservation of mangroves
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