The primary goal of this paper is to discuss the problem of poverty from a theoretical
perspective and empirically analyze the structural evolution of poverty and also of rural
poverty in Brazil between 2005 and 2011. In recent years, Brazilian government
policies aimed at fighting unemployment and eradicating extreme poverty, have
contributed to preventing the spread of poverty in the country. The 2000s, in contrast to
previous decades, showed a systematic reduction of poverty in Brazil from a number of
government initiatives in an environment of economic growth. The main conclusion of
this study is that inequality of income and poverty rate in Brazil fell between 2005 and
2011. Moreover, the index (coefficient) Gini, one of the indicators most widely used by
researchers in the social economy, decreased 0.532 in 2005 to 0.501 in 2011, so the
decline in regional income inequality is important because it shows that the reduction of inequality was not partial and not localized in some regions of Brazil, however, despite
the accelerated reduction of inequality income, Brazil still does not occupy a prominent
position among the countries with better distribution of income, which means you have
to persist with social policies to reduce income inequality.
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