Although the Amazon Biome has an incalculable value for the balance and maintenance
of life on the planet, in recent years it has suffered from the construction of
controversial infrastructure works, in particular the opening of highways and
construction of hydroelectric plants, such as the BR-230 Highway (Transamazônica)
and the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, as happened in the Xingu River
hydrographic basin, which caused and can still entail several modifications at different
spatial scales, mainly at the local level. Therefore, it is extremely important to
understand the functioning of these landscapes and their tendencies towards changes
arising from human activities, thus providing subsidies to plan environmentally
sustainable uses. Adopting the concept of hydrographic basins as a physical-territorial
unit for measuring socio-environmental impacts and the geoecology of landscapes as a
methodology for systemic environmental analysis, this research aims to study the
operation and changes caused by the opening of the Transamazon Highway and its
construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex in the Igarapé Ambé
hydrographic sub-basin which has its territorial extension cut by the aforementioned
highway and is located within the Direct Influence Area (AID) and the Directly
Affected Area (ADA) of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex and that drain the
urban area of the city of Altamira in the State of Pará. The analyzes show that 45% of
the SBHA's landscapes are with active morphogenetic processes and 29% are with
moderate environmental vulnerability and in a fragile stage of ecodynamic balance,
which shows the importance of thinking about alternative uses for these landscapes.
|
